Response to Green - 1011 Words

The short story, Green, by Anne Enright, is about an organic farmer who now bears the fruit of her many years of devoted labour in organic produce. The story describes her emotions towards a woman named Gertie, a woman who criticized her organic vegetables when her business was poor, but orders the vegetables when her business is booming. By comparing the narrators thoughts to Gertie’s actions, we see how Enright prioritizes on leading a pure, well deserved life earned by working hard, even if it means having bumps in the road at first, as opposed to one that is impure and taken for granted. Enright also underlines by comparing the weddings of both the narrator and Gertie that we shouldn’t do things just because we are supposed to and†¦show more content†¦It shows us how these values and ideals can be achieved, however, IMO, lacks to focus on anything that may entice teenage thought. Metaphors and characterization are two techniques used in the story that are very important. Near the ending of the story, the narrator mentions, â€Å"Hydroponics† and â€Å"Ebb and flood.† Basically, these are two techniques of growing plants without soil – which is fundamental nutrient-supplying organic matter. Instead of soil, plants are grown in water-based solutions. This metaphor may represent her view of many other people. It can show how she believes they never had the proper foundation to grow naturally. Instead, in this chemical based world, they learned to become interdependent with each other, just like the intertwined roots of these plants. They learned to live while being dependant on the chemicals that were put into the water that they lived in. This is a very important aspect of the story because it shows her opinion on why people need commercial foods so much – dependency, highlighting an important theme in the story. Characterization is also very important to the story. The way Gertie’s character is described is through the narrator’s thoughts. Due to the way the narrator describes Gertie, we automatically acquire a negative view of Gertie, giving us sympathy for the narrator. This is a crucial aspect because if Gertie was characterized through her actions or through her thoughts, we may not have had such a negative viewShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Effectiveness Of The Four Promotion-Responded Messages?980 Words   |  4 Pagespromotion-framed messages (1, 3, 7, 8) and the five prevention-framed messages (2, 4, 6, 9, 10) determined in pretest 1. The results of this pretest would determine the green messages used in the subsequent studies. 2. Participants 160 completed responses from New Zealander were collected from 04 Sep 2017 to 13 Sep 2017 and 132 completed responses from Vietnamese were collected from 25 Sep 2017 to 04 Oct 2017. These participants were recruited via the online panel CINT. They participated in exchange for monetaryRead MoreThe Royal Dutch Shell Oil Company1506 Words   |  7 Pagessmear campaign that was spearheaded by the environmental activist group Green Peace. Green Peace was able to challenge the partnership through an effective use of video and social media to spread Green Peace’s message. Green Peace created a public relations crisis for both Lego and Shell and forced the toy maker to choose whether to part ways with Shell or suffer the bad press related with the oil company. Some consider Green Peace’s campaign to be a complete success while others thought it was inRead MoreResponse To The Characters In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1532 Words   |  7 PagesMy report examines the con nections of characters and their response towards the setting. 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They found that the participants in Group A, who were exposed to a red participant ID number, solved fewer anagrams than Group B, who were exposed to a green participant ID number, whose performance did not differ. However, their study resulted in null results were discovered meaning that the colour red did not initiate an avoidance reaction and hinder the academic performance of the participants (ElliotRead MoreEco-Label1336 Words   |  6 PagesMethodology – This paper reviews consumer behavior and advertising to identify how consumers are persuaded to greener product label. The information are collected through journal reading, and searching from website. Keywords – Consumer behavior, green advertising, environmental Paper type – Conceptual paper Introduction Eco-labeling schemes provide consumers with information about the environmental quality of individual products, at the point of purchase, in order to enable them to choose productsRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesOne may express that today’s cultural values differ than those who lived â€Å"back then† but the response to that ideology is, does one value loyalty? Among the many values of the Anglo-Saxons, such as bravery, truth, and honor, above them all stands loyalty. Through an archetypal analysis, one may view how two major works of the Middle Ages, Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, both reflect attributes of loyalty, specifically the testing of one’s loyalty and the consequences of disloyaltyRead MoreThe Energy And Environmental Design System Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pages INTRODUCTION In reaction to our current global environmental crisis, the idea of eliminating negative environmental impacts attracts environmental policy makers and markets to sustainable or green design. As a result, a variety of industries have adopted sustainable design, including consumer goods, fashion, landscape design and architecture to meld striking design and function. However, the realm of architecture exhibits a unique challenge to sustainability. Construction projectsRead MoreHealth Benefits Of Drinking Green Smoothies862 Words   |  4 PagesD. (Show picture of green smoothies) Green smoothies are a delicious and healthy source of energy that can provide you with numerous health benefits. (thesis) E. Today, I will tell you how I was introduced to green smoothies. Then, I will discuss some major health benefits of drinking green smoothies. Finally, I will tell you how to make a green smoothie. (preview) Transition: First, let me enlighten you about my green smoothie experience. II. Body A. My Initial response About two years ago

Strategic Management Process Free Essays

Organizations develop some form of a strategic management plan to enter, maintain, or continue to enhance their position with other competitors within their industry. The primary goal of any organization is to provide a product or service to produce a profit. Though the objective remains the same regardless of the organization, the strategic management processes may vary. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prior to describing the components of a strategic management process, one must first understand the definition of strategic management. Strategic management is â€Å"a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation† (Wheelan Hunger, 2010). The concept of strategic management allows a company to set goals in order to secure sustainability for the future. There are four steps in a strategic management plan: situation analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation (Whelan Hunger, 2010). These steps are performed in this specific order when developing a new plan of management. Situation analysis involves reviewing the internal and external environment as well as the organizational framework of a company. When focusing on internal environment of a company one must focus on the different working relationships within the organization. To analyze the external environment would include evaluation of relationships the company has with its customers, suppliers, creditors and competitors. (Coulter, 2005). The second step in strategic management plan is strategy formulation. In this step the strategies for the company are formulated focusing on its strengths. Strategy formulation can be categorized into three organizational levels: operational, competitive and corporate (Coulter, 2005). Strategy implementation is the next step. In this step the strategies that were formulated in the previous step are put into action. This includes development of operating procedures necessary to implement the strategies set forth. To be successful the problems should be prioritized based on the seriousness of the issue and should focus on the important issues first (Coulter, 2005). The final step is strategy evaluation. In this step the entire process is under scrutiny. This includes how the strategy was executed and the effectiveness of it. In this step changes are made as necessary. For example if goals were not met the strategy should be modified (Coulter, 2005). The Internal Revenue Service began using a strategic management plan in 1985. They use the plan to fulfill the requirements of the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. As part of the strategic management process The IRS plans and budgets, develops measures, implements the plan, and evaluates the results (http://govinfo. library. unt. edu/npr/library/studies/caseirsa. pdf). In conclusion a strategic management plan is a continuous process and is important to the successful future of a company. Strategies will change as objectives and goals change. The use of a strategic management process is important to the sustainability and longevity of a company. References Coulter, M. (2005). Strategic Management in Action. (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. http://govinfo. library. unt. edu/npr/library/studies/caseirsa. pdf Wheelen, T. L. , Hunger, J. D. , (2010). Concepts in strategic management and business policy (12th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education How to cite Strategic Management Process, Essay examples

Italian Renaissance (511 words) Essay Example For Students

Italian Renaissance (511 words) Essay Italian RenaissanceHow was the Italian Renaissance an age in which life was a work of art?The Renaissance was an important time. It was a time when new ideas were formed,worldly places became more important, and great people became known. All ofwhich paved the way to future inventions, philosophies, and life as we know it. During the Renaissance, new possibilities were explored. One of which was agroup of people who called themselves Humanists. Humanism was a movement basedon the literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. Humanists focused onsecular themes, rather than those that were religious. They also believed thatindividualism, human improvement and that people should develop their talentsthrough many activities. Humanism was influential in that more attention waspaid to literature, the arts and education. Because education was becoming moreimportant, more schools were opened. Students were taught all that was taught inclassical Greek schools such as Greek, Latin, history and philosophy. Thehumanists strongly believed that education could help people to improvethemselves. Humanism also inspired literature to become more universal. Manyauthors were discovered. Also, a form of poetry, called a sonnet, was developed. The humanists were very important to the Renaissance, without their teachingsmuch would have been left undiscovered. The city stated of Florence, Rome andVenice were also important parts of the Renaissance. Florence was ruled by aline of successful and wealthy rulers. Florence produced many great things. Great rulers, great architects, great sculptors and great painters. Thus leadingthe way through art. Rome was the leading renaissance city during the 1500s. Many artists and scholars went to Rome to be taught by master craftsmen. Romealso became a site of great religious increases. Venice was a city of greattrading. It linked Asia and Western Europe in trade routes, also drawing tradersfrom the rest of the world. Venice was also known for its artisticachievements. Florence, Rome and Venice were three of the most influentialpowers during the Renaissance. The arts were extremely important to theRenaissance, and very influential. Architecture was modeled after classicalGreek and Roman stylings. The greatest Italian architect was FilippoBrunelleschi, who was best known for his completion of a cathedral in 1436. Sculpture, as did architecture, reflected ancient Greek and Roman ideas. Thebest known sculptors were Donatello, Michelangelo and Ghiberti. Donatello wasthe first sculptor to cast free standing figures. Michelangelo was best knownfor his free standing figure of David, and Ghiberti for his ten biblical sceneson Florence cathedrals walls. During the Renaissance, painting acquired amore realistic style. Some famous painters of the time are Giotto, Michelangelo,and probably the most famous of all, Leonardo Da Vinci. Da Vinci is best knownfor his works of The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. During the Renaissance,boundaries were explored, new heights were discovered and a whole new way oflife was found. The renaissance truly was an age in which life was a work of artnot only because art was so important to that time period, but becauseeverything was original and new. Without the renaissance, and the people wholived during it, such as Da Vinci, modern life may not have been so modern.

KFC in India Essay Essay Example

KFC in India Essay Essay 1. Since its entry into India in 1995. KFC has been confronting protests by cultural and economic militants and husbandmans. What are the grounds for these protests and do you believe these grounds are justified? Exaplain. During the early 1990s. KFC set up their concern at India and they were faced all sort of protests by cultural. economic militants and husbandmans ( The Ecologist. 1995 ) . On the twelvemonth of 1995. KFC open the first mercantile establishment at Bangalore and KFC was among the first fast-food multinational to come in India. One of the instance which KFC involved is the municipal nutrient inspectors found that KFC’s â€Å"hot A ; spicy† flavoring contained about three times more single-channel Na glutamate ( MSG. popularly known as ajinomoto. a spirit heightening ingredient ) than allowed by the Indian Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. 1954 ( IPFAA ) ( Ray. Ashis. 1995 ) . Harmonizing to the IPFAA. fast nutrient eating houses can merely incorporate maximal 1 per centum of MSG as a flavorer of the nutrient. Therefore. the KFC’s poulet being sent for nutrient inspectors’ scrutiny. followed by research lab trials and analysis. But after all the process. they found that KFC’s poulet had exceed the legal MSG bounds which is contained 2. 8 per centum of MSG. Due to this issue. KFC being charged because of â€Å"adulterated. misbranded. and unfit for human ingestion. ( Ray. Ashis. 1995 ) We will write a custom essay sample on KFC in India Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on KFC in India Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on KFC in India Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After the protests faced at Bangalore. Pepsi Co opened a 2nd KFC mercantile establishment in Delhi. the national capital. in October 1995 ( Delhi’s Fried Chicken Blues. 1995 ) . Within twosome of hebdomads of launch. KFC in Delhi had to halt its concern as wellness functionaries canceled its licence on November 1995 due to surfacing mix imported from United States contained sodium aluminum phosphate ( SAP ) . which was risky to human wellness. Meanwhile. KFC was able to turn out that SAP was used in little measures in the baking pulverization and was non harmful. And the KFC had won the instance and resumed back its concern. ( Delhi’s Fried Chicken Blues. 1995 ) After all the protests had been settle down. the militant from Delhi against taking up another issues about the hygiene conditions of the eating house. Due to an review by nutrient inspectors found flies bombinating around the kitchen and refuse tins merely outside the eating house premises. Because of the issue . the Delhi KFC mercantile establishment was closed within 23 yearss of reopening. From the cultural and economic militants and husbandmans perspective. KFC will besides convey legion disadvantage towards them if KFC start up their concern at India. Patriots besides feared a civilization invasion ; conservationists and husbandmans felt grain ingestion by cowss for meat production would be damaging ; and dieticians highlighted the ingestion of fast nutrient will increase the rate of fleshiness. high blood pressure. bosom disease. and malignant neoplastic disease. Therefore. they were protest the entry of KFC into their state and they besides carry â€Å"boycott KFC† marks while protest. KFC had experience different sort of issue raised up by the cultural and economic militants and husbandmans. there are some instances where the KFC should research about India civilization before they enter. Most of the protests instances was because of the healthy issues brings to the people after consume the KFC’s poulet ( Protest against KFC. 2004 ) Sometimes. many concerns excessively focus on net income devising and did non concern on the consumer’s healthy. Therefore. KFC have to follow the legal demand of the nutrient in order to prolong their concern in India. On the others manus. most of the husbandmans protest is because they feared that the fast-food concatenation will impact its local agricultural environment ( Narasimhan. Shakuntala. 1996 ) . All this is approximately ethical of concern. KFC should non function a nutrient which is contained unhealthy ingredient and they must besides concern more on the economic system growing at India. 2. PETA has been protesting against KFC in India since the last 1990s. What are the grounds for PETA’s protests against KFC and how did KFC’s direction react to them? Make you hold with PETA that KFC has been barbarous toward the birds and hence it should go forth India? Based on this instance survey. we found out that KFC in India faced terrible protests by Peoples for Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) . an carnal rights protection organisation. The ground for PETA’s protest against KFC was chiefly due to the inhumane intervention the poulets faced on KFC farms and released a picture tape demoing the maltreatment of birds in KFC’s domestic fowl farms. Pilgrim’s Pride ( PP ) is one of KFC’s award-winning supply operations and the 2nd largest processor of poulets in the United States. PETA’s probes in Pilgrim’s Pride domestic fowl farm brought to illume the inappropriate patterns that prevailed in KFC’s provider operat ions. Yamini Aparna K. Vivek Gupta ( 2004 ) . In other word PETA found a picture exposing KFC provider maltreatment poulets by barbarous fast one and this instantly aroused public attending. In the 4 minute picture released by PETA in respects to these allegations. viewing audiences witnessed birds populating in overcrowded. crammed warehouses with hardly any infinite to travel. huge sums of poulet carcases that had died from disease. dirty. injured poulets and the barbarous actions towards the animate beings by the custodies of the staff. Besides that. the staff do anything to mistreat the poulet. they frequently cut off their wings. banging them to the wall. plug them as sandbags. kicked them as football. At slaughter. the chicken’ pharynxs are slit and dropped into armored combat vehicles of scalding-hot H2O while they are still witting. ( refer to cite 11 ) They abuse the poulets alive to decease and so gave to outlet frying as delightful fried lily-livered service all around the universe. Though other fast nutrient organisations such as McDonald’s and Burger King had already ‘upped’ their criterions sing the intervention of animate beings. KFC had yet to make so. In these mills and domestic fowl farms. birds were kept in really unhygienic conditions and treated cruelly. However. undiscouraged by the protests by PETA and other carnal rights organisations. KFC planned a monolithic enlargement plan in India. Margaret Scheikowski ( 2009 ) . Harmonizing to ‘PETA’s Fact Sheet of KFC’s Cruelty’ . there were six chief points of enduring the poulets faced. Dan Mathews. PETA ( July 12. 2011 ) . These included ; I. Having less than a normal sized piece of paper to populate in -This is where the poulets are stuffed by 10s of 1000s into overcrowded sheds where they barely find infinite to travel freely. To salvage infinite and avoid poulet aching each other. the sensitive poulet beaks are cut off with hot blade without giving any hurting slayers. Overcrowding and hapless litter quality in the farms besides caused painful ammonium hydroxide Burnss on the poulets. The injured poulets received no intervention and had to bear the hurting throughout their life. two. Suffering from crippled and deformed legs since birth and deceasing early from bosom onslaughts as a consequence of hapless engendering methods – Birds are fed genetically modified provender in order to speed up their growing rate. As a consequence they suffer from complaints such as utmost fleshiness and fatty livers and kidneys. bosom onslaughts and other jobs. three. Being killed before making six hebdomads of age-This is where the poulets are slaughtered before they are 6 hebdomads old. At the slaughter house. poulets are hung upside down and transferred through conveyer belts to the violent death room to the full witting. four. Defeated Workers– Due to hapless rewards and working conditions. employees used the poulets as a agency to vent defeats and alleviate ennui. They twisted the bird’s heads off. spat baccy into their eyes and oral cavities. spray-painted their faces. used them as footballs and squeezed their organic structures so hard that the birds expelled fecal matters. v. Mistreatment by indurate staff and ;six. Receiving small to no veterinary attention KFC’s direction in response to PETA’s protest was adding more mercantile establishments and the proclamation of major developments to the plan. They besides planned to open more shops in premier locations such as shopping promenades in widely distributed countries. Vegetarian dishes were besides implemented into the bill of fare to provide and pull the mass vegetarian population. However. PETA India wrote a missive to the Managing Director of Tricon Restaurant International. the parent company of KFC. inquiring them to shut their exclusive KFC mercantile establishment in India. But their responses are got no answer. So that. PETA activists decided to protest against KFC by transporting crippled poulet. which represented the birds enduring in the KFC’s farms. PETA claimed that after two old ages of intensive candidacy to increase carnal public assistance criterions in domestic fowl farms. After analysing the instance survey and PETA’s fact sheet. it is clea r that KFC are barbarous towards their birds and hence should go forth India. Furthermore. as KFC is such a powerful transnational company and with support from the manager of selling of Yum! Restaurants International who assured KFC followed the public assistance guidelines and valued Indian jurisprudence. this result was extremely improbable. 3. What is the importance of moralss in making concern? Do you believe in the face of ferocious competition. concern organisations are justified non to back up ethical values at the cost of doing net incomes? Why or why non? Justify your reply giving illustrations. There is no uncertainty that concern moralss plays a more and more of import function in modern economic system. Ethical motives can be associated with being just. honest. and moral and being ‘the right thing to do’ . There are many indispensable benefits to those concerns known for good ethical values ( Steven Symes. July 2014 ) . One of the duties of an organisation is to do certain that all their actions to the ethical criterions provided by the jurisprudence. the KFC demand to follow the regulation and ordinance at the state. Other than scheme for selling and direction. concerns have considered other elements that play important functions towards success. One of these of import elements is moralss. These o rganisations tend to be those that attain higher choice staff. staff turnover is low. better image. pull and keep new and bing consumers and have a greater competitory advantage. Though many concerns try and aim to be both ethical and successful. countless believe it to acquire in the manner of doing a net income ( VoiceLee1. October 2013 ) . Depending on which state and province you are in can find the sum of problem a company may confront with their unethical behaviour. In utmost instances this may take to the jurisprudence being involved which chiefly takes net incomes off from concerns and to run in certain markets. Consumer international ( 2008 ) . Based on the instance survey of KFC in India. being a big international company instantly draws attending. Even though domestic concerns in India may non follow the ‘right’ ethical processs. KFC is automatically under the limelight as locals expect them to follow international criterions. In the face of ferocious competition. concern organisations should hold support ethical values whether they believe it will impact their net incomes or non. For any organisation. ‘the client is ever right’ and are one of the most of import factor in maintaining the concern alive as this is where net incomes are made. As clients have moralss. if they are non happy. no net incomes. Laura Costa. Ph. D. ( December. 2012 ) It is extremely indispensable for concern organisations to understand the importance of moralss in today’s universe. In order to accomplish this. big international companies such as KFC who are spread outing their concerns in less develop states such as India. demand to derive apprehension of the state civilization. regulative and ecological issues. So that. KFC should work together and spouse up with local husbandmans every bit good as with their consumers to guarantee them they have quality merchandises. Another scheme may besides be to implement a farm degree guideline and analysis studies for their stakeholders sing domestic fowl attention and handling. Ronald D Francis A ; Mukti Mishra ( 2014 ) . pg 56-60. 4. DecisionFinally. we can understand from the instance that every concern organisation should understand the importance of moralss by understanding the civilization. regulative and ecological issues in different states. KFC should implement a farm degree guideline A ; audit plan – a plan which is industry taking in the countries of domestic fowl attention and handling. chiefly for their provider in the broiler industry. Therefore the company necessitate some common rules to steer the behaviours. It is much easier for a company with good moral behaviors to construct its repute and win regard from all facets of a society. KFC has been already gained the repute of a fast nutrient that continuously provides oily unhealthy nutrient. so it needs to make something about and switch its positive image back. Mention1. Yamini Aparna K. Vivek Gupta ( 2004 ) KFC in India: Ethical Issues [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. asiacase. com/ecatalog/NO_FILTERS/page-CROSSMGT-649128. hypertext markup language [ Accessed:17th July 2014 ] 2. Margaret Scheikowski ( 2009 ) Family sues KFC over â€Å"food Poisoning† . [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news. ninemsn. com. au/national/845258/kfc-sued-over-salmonella-poisoning [ Accessed:17th July 2014 ] 3. Dan Mathews. PETA ( July 12. 2011 ) . KFC in India Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. kentuckyfriedcruelty. com/index. asp [ Accessed:18th July 2014 ] 4. Schreiner. Bruce ( 23 July 2005 ) . â€Å"KFC still guards Colonel’s secret† . Associated Press. Retrieved 19 September 2013. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //jacksonville. com/tu-online/stories/072305/bus_19314459. shtml [ Accessed:19th July 2014 ] 5. VoiceLee1. October 2013’KFC in India Case Study Assignment ( Ethical Issue ) Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. studymode. com/essays/Kfc-In-India-Case-Study-Assignment-39922528. hypertext markup language [ Accessed:19th July 2014 ] 6. Consumer international ( 2008 ) WCRD 2008 [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. consumersinternational. org/Templates/Internal. asp? NodeID= 97050 A ; int1stParentNodeID=89647 A ; int2ndParentNodeID=95043 [ Accessed:19th July 2014 ] 7. Laura Costa. Ph. D. ( December. 2012 ) Protect You from Harmful Chemicals in Cosmetics and Household Products. [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //loveyourbody. nowfoundation. org/harmful_chemicals. hypertext markup language [ Accessed:20th July 2014 ] 8. KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN ( KFC ) IN INDIA ( No day of the month ) [ Online ] Available fromhttp: //www. freeessays123. com/essay21631/kentuckyfriedchickenkfcinindia. hypertext markup language [ Accessed:20th July 2014 ] 9. Ronald D Francis A ; Mukti Mishra ( 2014 ) . pg 56-60† Business Ethical† Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. my/books? id=xV8l8EUCOjQC A ; pg=PA176 A ; lpg=PA176 A ; dq=www. icmrindia. org/casestudies/†¦/business % 2520ethics/BECG044. +HTML A ; source=bl A ; ots=wKboQnsm4A A ; sig=4Cd0mvIFlBRz-LMhNMOzZVsx1L8 A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=jO7LU8z7HIq9ugTB0ILACw A ; ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg # v=onepage A ; q=www. icmrindia. org % 2Fcasestudies % 2 F†¦ % 2Fbusiness % 2520ethics % 2FBECG044. % 20HTML A ; f=false [ Accessed:20th July 2014 ] 10. Steven Symes ( July 2014 ) . ‘Importance of Ethical Conduct in a Business. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //smallbusiness. chron. com/importance-ethical-conduct-business-25163. hypertext markup language [ Accessed:20th July 2014 ] 11. picture released by PETA hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=qXKExmm_Mk0 or hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2zLZrAQ8JIM or hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e5eMQ-3Drmw 12. Ray. Ashis. † KFC Takes On India over MSG. † World Wide Web. cnn. com. September 21. 1995 13. â€Å"Delhi’s Fried Chicken Blues. † World Wide Web. theasiaweek. com. November 24. 1995 14. â€Å"Kentucky Fried Chicken Protest in India. † The Ecologist. November/ December 1995 15. Narasimhan. Shakuntala. â€Å"Tandoori vs Kentucky Fried. † Multinational Monitor. January/ February 1996 16. â€Å"Protest against KFC. † World Wide Web. Hindu. com. February 18. 2004

How to Make a Cloud in a Bottle

How to Make a Cloud in a Bottle In the real world, clouds form when warm, moist air is cooled and condenses into tiny water droplets, which collectively make up clouds. You can mimic this process (on a much smaller scale, of course!) by using everyday items found in your home or school. What Youll Need: A clear bottle, mason jar, or another see-through container with a lidA dark-colored piece of paperHot waterIceMatches Warning:  Due to the use of hot water, glass, and matches, young children are cautioned not to do this experiment without adult supervision. Getting Started First, rinse your glass to make sure it is clean. (Do not use soap and do not dry the inside.)Add hot water to the jar until it covers the bottom by 1 deep. Then swirl the water around so that it warms up the sides of the jar. (If you dont do this, condensation may immediately occur.) Youve just added one of the key ingredients for cloud formation: water.Take the lid, turn it upside-down (so that it acts as a small dish), and place several ice cubes in it. Place the lid on top of the jar. (After doing this, you may see some condensation, but notice theres no cloud yet.) The ice adds another ingredient needed for clouds to form: the cooling of warm, moist air. Carefully light a match and blow it out. Drop the smoking match into the jar and quickly replace the lid of ice. The smoke adds the final ingredient for cloud formation: condensation nuclei for the cooled water droplets to condense onto.Now look for wisps of cloud swirling inside! To see them better, hold up your dark colored pa per behind the jar. Congratulations, youve just made a cloud! After youve and named it, lift the lid and let it flow out so that you can touch it! Tips and Alternatives For younger children: If you prefer not to use matches, you can substitute air freshener spray in step # 4. Lift the lid of ice, spritz a small amount into the jar, then quickly replace the lid.Advanced: Use a bicycle pump to change the pressure and see even more clouds.  Going further: Try using other sizes of dust particles. Design an experiment to determine the best size of dust particles to use. You could also test different water temperatures. Now that youve learned some basic principles of how clouds form, its time to up your knowledge. Study these cloud photos to learn the ten basic types of clouds and what weather they forecast. Or explore what the many storm clouds look like and mean.         Updated by Tiffany Means

How to Get Through Family Holidays and Survive

How to Get Through Family Holidays and Survive Heading home for the first time in four months? If so, you might be surprised at how much your perspective has changed. Now that you’ve been on your own at college, going back to your parent’s house can feel much different than when you were in high school. Even though it hasn’t been very long, you’ve already begun to create your own habits. While it’s important to be self-sufficient, your family might not be used to the more confident version of you. And, if you’re not careful, your new-found independence may ruffle feathers. By following these guidelines, you’ll be more likely to have a pleasant experience when you go home for the holidays. Prepare Your Sales Pitch Everyone, including your nosey Aunt Dorothy, is going to want to know all about your experience at college. Don’t expect that they’ll avoid the most uncomfortable questions – How are your grades? Do you have a girlfriend/boyfriend? When are you going to get a job? To make it easier on yourself, prepare answers to those questions before you even get home. It should be something simple, easy-to-remember, and cover all the questions that you’re sure to get. Practice Smooth Topic Transitioning Don’t want to talk about the love interest you brought last year? Are you avoiding the inevitable discussion about your grade in English? Practice smooth topic transitioning. The truth is, most people don’t want to hear about your embarrassing details. It’s more likely that they’d rather talk about themselves or something less controversial. For example: Relative: What ever happened to that rash you had last month? Did you ever find out where you picked it up? You: I actually too busy with my internship at Microsoft. Did you know that Bill Gates really does give out cash to his employees at Christmas time? Relative: Really? How much did you get? Another embarrassing crisis averted! Eat Healthy When they talk about the Freshman 15, what they don’t tell you is that holiday eating accounts for about 25% of your weight gain. When you head home to delicious homemade pie and all the turkey you can eat, it can be tempting to eat like you’ve been on a deserted island for the last few months. Instead, try to eat a few regular meals each day and browse lightly on the holiday goodies. Remember, you can always pick up a small cooler for a couple of bucks and bring some of those delicious treats back to your dorm later. Shop Early Especially if you and your family members are close, you don’t want to spend the few precious weeks leading up to Christmas hanging around by yourself in the mall. Instead, plan on getting the bulk of your holiday shopping done before you head out of town. That way, you can enjoy the time you have with your family doing other fun things, not just stressing out about when and where to buy all your presents. Manage Conflict Even the best families have issues that are sensitive. Whether it’s money-related, job-related, or just a simple personality conflict, nothing ruins the holidays more than fights that could have been avoided. In order to keep the peace this holiday season, here is a list of increasingly helpful ways to deal with a difficult situation or topic. Attempt to transition the conversation. Take a deep breath and count to 5. Respond with, â€Å"I understand how you feel. Maybe we can talk about this later.† Excuse yourself to the bathroom. Stay there until you feel confident you can discuss the topic rationally and without anger or aggression. Take a walk around the block. Write a note expressing your feelings in the most positive way possible. Remember: You Are the Guest Your parents are allowing you to stay, probably free-of-charge in their home. It’s your responsibility, as their guest, to follow their rules. That may mean inconvenience for you such as not being able to sleep in the same room as your significant other, not being able to smoke, or refraining from certain language – but it’s worth it to show your family you appreciate their hospitality. Are there other important ways that you get through your holidays back at home? Share your thoughts in the comment section below!

Civil Procedure analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil Procedure analysis - Essay Example Then the judge playing the role of an umpire listens to both the parties, and gives a fair verdict. This is contrary to the inquisitorial model of dispute resolution and in this case the judge does not ask independent questions (Langbein, 1985). It is up to both the parties to prosecute their complaints and fortifications. There have been some changes in the procedural rules that tend to weaken the judicial evaluation of the qualities of lawsuits. These procedures are used by the attorneys and changed according to what benefits their clients (Molot, 1998). This makes the lawyers a very essential part of the legal system whose responsibility is to make sure that justice is achieved. The civil procedure in the United States is influenced by the positive law however the essential rules of decision taught during the first year in law school are centered more on the common law. The basic difference between the two is in the materials that contain the legal rules. This makes it difficult for a first year student to outrank the common law to the comparatively simpler positive law. The â€Å"knowledge of the statutory law† is considered to be highly important information by those lawyers who are practicing, a little more than the â€Å"knowledge of procedural rules (Blaird, 1978) The civil procedure should have some essential traits, the justice must be provided in less time However, the way that disputes are resolved in the United States does not fulfill the purpose of ‘speedy and inexpensive’ with the number of lawyers involved and a national trend of judicial resolution of things which other societies resolve using political and administrative ways. (Gary, 1997) The outer limits of the civil procedure are defined by the constitutional law. The constitution limits the subject matter of federal court cases, governs the effect that courts of one state must give to the judgments of the other and

Defining Activities And Principles Of Ethnography Essay

Defining Activities And Principles Of Ethnography - Essay Example "In it's most characteristic form it involves the ethnographer participating, overtly or covertly, in people's daily lives for an extended period of time, watching what happens, listening to what is said, asking questions - in fact, collecting whatever data are available to throw light on the issues that are the focus of the research. Equally, though, as we shall suggest later, there is a sense in which all social researchers are participant observers; and, as a result, the boundaries around ethnography are necessarily unclear" (Hammersley and Atkinson, 1995, Pg 1-2) One difficulty with the notion of ethnography is that it may seem a residual category. It is associated with the study of people not ourselves, and with the use of methods other than those of experimental design and quantitative measurement. Clearly not everything that is not experimental design and quantitative measurement should be considered ethnography, but a positive definition is not easy to provide. A major reason for the difficulty is that good ethnography has been produced under a great variety of conditions, by a great variety of persons, some of it before there was a profession to train such people, and professional training has been very much a matter of the transmission of a craft and of learning by doing-by personal experience (Gubrium & Holstein, 1997, Pg 67).It has not helped that some people talk as if the key to ethnography were a psychological experience, rather than the discovery of knowledge. It is clear that ethnography involves participation and observation. The earliest work that we recognize as important ethnography has generally the quality of being systematic in the sense of being comprehensive. To be sure, any and all early accounts of travelers, missionaries, government officials and the like that may contribute information and insight about the culture of the peoples of the world have been welcomed and gleaned for what they could provide (Agar, 1986, Pg 6-7). The Ethnographic Method It commences with assortment of a civilization, analysis of the writings affecting the ethnicity, and recognition of variables of concern -- normally variables supposed as important by associates of the society. The ethnographer then goes about gaining entry, which in rolls sets the phase for cultural immersion of the ethnographer in the society. It is not strange for ethnographers to exist in the society for months or even years. The middle phases of the ethnographic technique engross increasing informers, using them to increase yet additional informants in a succession procedure, and collection of information in the shape of observational transcription and conference footage. Statistical examination and hypothesis progress come at the conclusion, although suppositions might come out from civilizing fascination and theory-expression by associates of the society. (Fetterman, 1989, Pg 22-23) However, the ethnographic researcher strives to avoid theoretical preconceptions and instead t o induce

Keeping school safe Essay Example for Free

Keeping school safe Essay Keeping the Same School Schedule Everything in life is a chain reaction. An event happen because of a certain event. The New york City Department of Education want to change the schedule of the school. Instead of having 8 hours of school we student would be having an extra 2 to 3 hours of school. The positive part is having a friday as a weekend but this plan is not a 100% plan proof because we cant tell the future of all the good and bad that will happen because of this event. Although we can predict the event with the evidence that is there. Why change something that is plan proof?We live using this schedule for decades. Why change that now? If we change the schedule of the school day, students would travel late makes it the most critical problem to having the schedules change. Traveling late leads to traveling in the dangers darkness.As students it would be harder to see so it makesit harder for us students to watch our waysand watch where are we stepping In some case people are too lazy to pick up and clean their dog poop and we the accidental steppin it.In this case your child will come home with a dirty smelly shoe everyday.In another case murderers would camouflage them self.this way they are ready to attack a child while the child will be the victims without knowing. This child could be yours . Statistics show 414 homicides happen in New york city in 2012.If you think youre safe just because the average of homicides decreased by 20% from 2011,then your wrong.According to New York Times we are the third largest homicide city out of the selected 6 cities. This is not good because your child could be the next victim.The younger ones are more vulnerable. Your child could be the next victims and you woud be weeping for your child to come back in to your arm but hopes are lost.Also school time occur throughout winter and fall.These season are the coldest seasons.So student will get sick more easily because we taveling at night time which is more colder.It more worst for student who hve the school near a bay,river or oceanic land mass.Also imagine your child coming home freezing to death with froz bite. This lead to student be absent more and having medical notes increasing.with the amount of increasing medical notes the child will be missing out on at least twice as much as we are learn because of the longer  day(which equal to more information learned). We will face hunger as another of our big problems. Hunger lead to giant gap of opportunities to eat since the earliest lunch period is third which we call breakfast but some calls it b ranch. Already students are complaining about the lack of food they eat and being hungry all the time in school just because they dont want to eat the nasty and grossing school lunch food. This is a problem because student will be missing out on nutritional value. Missing out on nutritional value leads to malnutrition. Not only student are hungry teacher are human being too. Teacher will get cranky if the dont eat .They will most likely intend to eat in class. This makes student more hungry and can make some students cranky too.As for the elementary school kids like kindergraten and first grades will nagg and win to get food from the teachers.Some student may be violent and will fight for food.This is the idea of Surival of the fittest created by Charles Darwin. Lasty imagine a chid passing out in class due to lack of food being eaten.Also you child would not learn anything because the will fall a sleep in class and will not focus because they are too weak too put their mind to work.In addiction to that when human are hungry we will get sleepy to replace the hungerness because your bodyis too weak and will shut down to save energy. All in total of these factor lead to the the stress level on children increases.Which make adults nervous.The factors increase stress level is overload in work due to the extra classes or longer period of class because of more lessons being done in class.This lead to less work time at night and more homework.Which lead to to lack of sleep.This lead to children unable to pay attention because they are sleepy and will fall asleep in class.If the student dont sleep the student will pass out and go into a coma.Also college resume would not look good without after school activities which we student dont have time for. This will have an increasing amount of children have panic attack and nervous breakdown and high school students unable to continue to a go college and get scholarship. In conclusion,all the possibilities will happen just because of this change will happen.There will be other negative unknown happening coming along the way. LIke without after school activities the obesity level will increase.obesity Is one of Americas biggest concern.It one of the top concern in New york City.Along with the stress level on childrens increases which leads.This will have an increasing amount of children have panic attack and nervous breakdown. Also facing hunger will be a large problem because we are starving our children of the future. and Traveling late leads to traveling in the dangers darkness lead â€Å"accidents†.

The Affects of the Human Genome Project on Society Essay -- Genetics S

The Affects of the Human Genome Project on Society Today’s society has an ever growing thirst for knowledge as we have for many hundreds of years now. Scientists work around the clock studying the affects of nearly everything they can think of to conduct experiments on. This quest for knowledge is the supposed start to a better life for man kind and ultimately a world without disease or hunger. The human genome project is one that has been going on for about 20 years. This project set out to map, down to the last detail, every part of the human DNA structure (â€Å"Human†). The project has recently been completed and the scientists are now starting another project with their newly found information, to cure mankind of its ailments. Although there are many positive things that can come of this recent discovery, there are many adverse affects that society is not yet fully aware of and as the experiments and test results come in, more and more will society be blinded to the downsides of genetic research because of the glitz, glamour, and promises provided by the corporations and universities This paper will not just hone in on the recently completed human genome project but will also take a look at the many adverse affects of what is now possibly to come if the science of human perfection is to continue unchecked. The possibilities for this new science are great, but without the general public guiding it every step of the way, the universities and corporations will be free to do as they wish. With the power to change life on this planet as we know it, the teams of scientists may ultimately one day have the ability to control what is happening through nearly every second of our life: what we eat, what we drink, what happen... ...uman Being, The Medusa and the Snail: More Notes of a Biology Watcher. New York: Viking Press, 1979. Thomas, in his book of short stories explores many different issues of human nature and in this book gives his viewpoint on many well known topics and some unknown yet still interesting topics alike. Although this book is somewhat dated, the articles present are still applicable to a lot of the situations we are facing in this current day and age. The author of the book is quite refreshing in the way that he is able to look at both the light and dark of a situation yet keep a positive attitude towards most of the nearing innovations in science. Reference List †¢ Human Genome Project Information. US Department of Energy. April 20, 2003. http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/home.html †¢ Clinton, Bill. Whitehouse Press Conference. June 25, 2000.

Behavioral Misuse Of Antibiotics Health And Social Care Essay

Background: self medicine with antibiotics is devouring drugs to handle self diagnosed infection without confer withing doctors which is broad spread abuse of antibiotics in developing states. Purpose: this survey purpose to measure the prevalence of behavioural abuse of antibiotics by self medicine among wellness professional pupils in J.U.S.T, and to measure the association between ego aa‚ ¬ † medicine and doing factors. Design: across-sectional design will utilize. Method: random sample of 400 pupils in J.U.S.T university, selected from 4th twelvemonth degree in modules of ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) , validated questionnaire will used to roll up informations, pilot survey sample ( 40 pupils ) , informations analysis through statistical bundle of societal scientific discipline ( SPSS ) . Decision: the determination will supply of import informations about prevalence of abuse of medicine among the four groups ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, nurse ) , which will be of import in understanding the wellness load of the development of antibacterial opposition.IntroductionA important addition in the mortality and morbidity rate of antecedently treatable infections disease due to the outgrowth of opposition among infective and common bacterium. This turning opposition to antibiotics represents a planetary menace to human sort. The major job of antibiotics self medicine is the outgrowth of opposition which means the effectivity of antibiotics will worsen and therefore infections turned to be more hard and really expensive to handle and epidemics become harder to command ( WHO report, 2005 ) ( reka bisht, 2009 ) . Further, other serious side consequence may develop like harm to some critical organ like kidney and liver, and devastation of normal vegetations in the organic structure. The purpose of this survey is to look into the prevalence of behavioural abuse of antibiotics by self medicine without prescription and its part to antibacterial opposition among wellness professional pupils at J.U.S.T University, and compare the consequence with similar surveies. In Jordan, no much behavioral based survey was conducted. One of these survey conducted by Al-Bakri et Al ( 2005 ) to measure beginnings, form and rightness of antibacterial drugs ingestion within the Jordanian population? ? ? ? ? All other surveies carried in Jordan were based on community, wellness establishment, or infirmary sceneLiterature reappraisalThe old surveies defined self medicine as consuming of drugs without reding from their doctors or use of any medicine for ego intervention without audience of wellness attention professions ( sharrif, 2011 ) . In measuring the behaviour of ego antibiotics medicine and the factors influencing, other survey in Jordan concludes that inappropriate ego medicine antibiotics appears to be common among Jordanian, meaning the demand for carefully designed antibiotics educational runs to stress the utilizations and restriction of these medicine, and to do general public consciousness to the negative consequence, this run should be include all Jordanian ( Sawair, Baqain, Abu Karaky, & A ; Abu Eid, 2009 ) .. Self medicine is a common job worldwide, antibiotic opposition is quickly increasing job and the underdeveloped states like, Iran, Sudan, Jordan, Pakistan are sing ma ny facet of in appropriate usage of medicines in their wellness attention installations ( Sawalha, 2008 ) .Study designA cross-sectional survey will be conducted to look into the magnitude of antibiotic abuse and to measure the most likely causation factors act uponing this behaviour among wellness professional pupils in ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) . This descriptive exploratory survey will be performed utilizing a self-administered questionnaire.Population and sampleA convenient random choice of 400 pupils will be performed to transport out the survey. The sample choice will be will be from all pupils in 4th specializer to be chosen every other pupil. This indiscriminately selected sample is considered homogeneous with regard to their age ( 4th twelvemonth degree pupils ) , educational degree, and wellness professions. Data will be collected from the pupils during their presence in their regular categories at the beginning of the 2nd semester in 2013. A entire figure of 400 questionnaires will be distributed on pupils in 4th specializer.PutingThe survey will be conducted in an academic based puting on 4th twelvemonth degree pupils of the 4th wellness co-workers ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) at Jordan university of scientific discipline and engineering.Data aggregationA pre-designed structured questionnaire in Arabic linguistic communication will be used to roll up the information on ego medicine with antibiotic from the survey population. The questionnaire will be pre-tested on a little pilot population ( 40 pupils ) , from every specializer to find the diction and format of the questionnaire, completeness of response, the clip needed to finish the signifier. After that the questionnaire will be modified consequently. University administrative blessing will be obtained ( IRB ) to ease the distribution of the questionnaire. At the beginning of the questionnaire, the intent of the surve y will be explained and so the pupils will be asked to reply all inquiries. Consequently, demographic informations such as name, age, gender, reference, and forte co-worker will be followed. The questionnaire will dwell of structured unfastened and closed terminal inquiries and multiple response inquiries, the informations will be classified into point, which in bend will be given codifications used for intent of computing machine informations entry. The questionnaire will distributed to pupils at the terminal of their talk after informing and obtaining consent of the teaching staff and so collected after completion clip ( the clip will find related to fly survey ) . The response rate will be 100 % .Statistical analysisData will be analyzed by utilizing SPSS, descriptive analysis will be conducted. Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics will be reported as per centum. Categorical information will be presented as frequence of happening and will be analyzed by chi-square trial . Continuous informations will be presented as mean and standard divergence and will be analyzed by pupil t-test. The P value of less than 0.05 was considered important at the 0.05 degree.RestrictionFirst, our topic will be drawn from health-professional pupils instead than other specializer. Second, the age distribution of the sample population will be different from the age distribution from general distribution of Jordan. Further surveies are needed to affect wider scope of ages to find the magnitude of self-medication abuse of antibiotics in the general population. Third, this is a retrospective survey, some prejudice might go on when the pupil have to retrieve how many times, continuance of intervention, besides should retrieve the name of antibiotics have been taken in old 12 months. Fourth, the questionnaire will be administered to pupils during their presence in their regular category. So, pupils may impact each other ‘s replies to inquiry, in malice of research worker ‘s instructions. What are anticipating to happen out is: Antibiotics self medicine without prescription is extremely prevalence among wellness professional pupils. Uncontrolled purchase of antibiotics from pharmaceuticss ( over the counter ) without prescription, and handiness of antibiotics at place ( remnant ) are the most common beginning of self medicine. Upper respiratory piece of land infection is the major wellness jobs reported to be treated by antibiotics self-medication. The fiscal factors play a function in choosing the type and the sum of antibiotics by self medicine individual.

A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication Essay

A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication  © Anthony Pym 2003 Intercultural Studies Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain* Pre-print version 3. 3 The following is a series of propositions designed to connect a few ideas about translation as a mode of cross-cultural communication. The ideas are drawn from a multiplicity of existing theories; the aim is not particularly to be original. The propositions are instead intended to link up three endeavors: an abstract conception of cross-cultural communication, a description of the specificities of translation, and an attempt to envisage the future of such communication in a globalizing age. The various points at which the propositions draw on or diverge from previous theories are indicated in a series of notes. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. On cross-cultural communication in general Cross-cultural communication involves the perceived crossing of a point of contact between cultures. Cultures here are minimally seen as large-scale systems of assumed shared references, linguistic or otherwise1, used for the purposes of reducing complexity. 2 Cultures themselves may idealize one or several centers, where the shared references are felt to be so dense that communication would be without any need for reductions of complexities. Away from such ideals, cultures have peripheries, where references are sparse, or sparsely shared, or mixed with references shared by other cultures. The terms â€Å"center† and â€Å"periphery† are not to be understood geopolitically. (cf. Even-Zohar 1990, Toury 1995) The differences between centers and peripheries are operative fictions rather than primary empirical facts. The very belief that one is in a central position may be enough to curtail complexity, just as the false impression that one is lacking in context may increase complexity. (Pym 1998) The difference between center and periphery may also be characterized in terms of effort. When shared references are believed to be dense (all else being equal), the reduction of complexity requires less effort than when the references are believed to be sparse. Effort here is understood as being on both the sending and receiving sides of messages, as well as in any mediating position or investment in the channel. A text sent and received near a perceived center will thus require less investment of effort than the same text sent from a center to a periphery (assuming that the reduction of complexity is 1. 3. 1. 4. 1. 5. to be to a similar degree in both cases). And further supplementary effort will be needed if the text is to be received in another culture. (Pym 1995) 1. 6. The lines between cultures are marked as cross-over points where the communication act receives supplementary effort of a mediating and discontinuous nature. Such points are usually where translations are carried out. (Pym 2001a) Cross-cultural communication thus marks the points of contact between cultures, although it alone will not join up the points to form any kind of line. (Pym 1998, 2001a, cf. Chatwin 1987) On complexity and its reduction Texts are inscribed objects that can be interpreted in different ways and for different functions, quite independently of any original intentions. The plurality of possible interpretations is what we are calling complexity. The reduction of complexity does not imply any discerning of a true or primal meaning. For example, a reader at this point might interpret the term â€Å"reduction of complexity† as â€Å"understanding†, but such a reading will hopefully be deviated by the following paragraphs. In this sense, the reduction of complexity does not entail an act of understanding in any idealist sense. Nor must effort be expended only to reduce complexity. Effort can also be used to make texts more complex, preparing them for a greater plurality of interpretations. Such might be a certain conception of aesthetic pleasure, diplomatic ambiguity, or communicative mechancete. The degree of appropriate complexity is in each case dependent on the success conditions of the communicative act concerned. On success conditions Success conditions are criteria that make the communicative act beneficial for all or some of the participants concerned. 4 Such criteria may be simple, as in the case of a business negotiation to reach mutual agreement on a sales price: the success condition might be that a price is agreed to by all participants. A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication Essay Cultures here are minimally seen as large-scale systems of assumed shared references, linguistic or otherwise1, used for the purposes of reducing complexity. 2 Cultures themselves may idealize one or several centers, where the shared references are felt to be so dense that communication would be without any need for reductions of complexities. Away from such ideals, cultures have peripheries, where references are sparse, or sparsely shared, or mixed with references shared by other cultures. The terms â€Å"center† and â€Å"periphery† are not to be understood geopolitically. (cf. Even-Zohar 1990, Toury 1995) The differences between centers and peripheries are operative fictions rather than primary empirical facts. The very belief that one is in a central position may be enough to curtail complexity, just as the false impression that one is lacking in context may increase complexity. (Pym 1998) The difference between center and periphery may also be characterized in terms of effort. When shared references are believed to be dense (all else being equal), the reduction of complexity requires less effort than when the references are believed to be sparse. Effort here is understood as being on both the sending and receiving sides of messages, as well as in any mediating position or investment in the channel. A text sent and received near a perceived center will thus require less investment of effort than the same text sent from a center to a periphery (assuming that the reduction of complexity is 1. 3. 1. 4. 1. 5. to be to a similar degree in both cases). And further supplementary effort will be needed if the text is to be received in another culture. (Pym 1995) 1. 6. The lines between cultures are marked as cross-over points where the communication act receives supplementary effort of a mediating and discontinuous nature. Such points are usually where translations are carried out. (Pym 2001a) Cross-cultural communication thus marks the points of contact between cultures, although it alone will not join up the points to form any kind of line. (Pym 1998, 2001a, cf. Chatwin 1987) On complexity and its reduction Texts are inscribed objects that can be interpreted in different ways and for different functions, quite independently of any original intentions. The plurality of possible interpretations is what we are calling complexity. The reduction of complexity does not imply any discerning of a true or primal meaning. For example, a reader at this point might interpret the term â€Å"reduction of complexity† as â€Å"understanding†, but such a reading will hopefully be deviated by the following paragraphs. In this sense, the reduction of complexity does not entail an act of understanding in any idealist sense. Nor must effort be expended only to reduce complexity. Effort can also be used to make texts more complex, preparing them for a greater plurality of interpretations. Such might be a certain conception of aesthetic pleasure, diplomatic ambiguity, or communicative mechancete. The degree of appropriate complexity is in each case dependent on the success conditions of the communicative act concerned. On success conditions Success conditions are criteria that make the communicative act beneficial for all or some of the participants concerned. 4 Such criteria may be simple, as in the case of a business negotiation to reach mutual agreement on a sales price: the success condition might be that a price is agreed to by all participants.

Investigation of the chromatic aberration of a converging lens Essays

Investigation of the chromatic aberration of a converging lens Essays Investigation of the chromatic aberration of a converging lens Essay Investigation of the chromatic aberration of a converging lens Essay Chromatic aberration arises from dispersion- the property that the refractive index of glass differs with wavelength of light. The focal length of a lens is determined by a combination of its geometry and the refractive index of the material from which it is made. The refractive index varies slightly with the wavelength of the light that is being transmitted. This means that the focal length of a lens will vary for different colours of light. For blue light (short wavelengths), the focal length is larger than that of red light (long wavelengths). Prediction It was predicted that the values of the focal length of the lens obtained from red and blue light are different, given that the standard focal length is 10cm. Proposed Method: The method is to use the lens formula. 1/f = 1/u +1/v To use this formula both the object distance (u) and the image distance (v) need to be measured. This method is not as simple as method 1 above, but the result obtained will be more accurate. Therefore, the focal length of a converging lens in this experiment was determined by method 2. Detailed Procedures: All the lights were switched off to ensure the laboratory was dark. 1.The apparatus were set up as shown in the diagram below. Some black cupboards were put surrounded the apparatus to provide light insulation. 2. The light bulb, object grill, appropriate light filter, lens, image screen were positioned along a straight line 3. The light bulb was fixed at the end of the fixed metre rule (exactly 100cm). The object grill was placed in front of the light bulb in order to give a clear image. 4.The lens and screen were positioned against the metre rule in a straight line with the object grill so that all their positions can be measured. The lens was started approximately 60cm from the grill. The experiment was firstly started with white light (no light filters) 3.The 12V power supply was switched on. The screen was moved until a sharpest (brightest) image was formed on the screen. 4.The position of the grill (a), lens (b) and screen (c) against the metre rule was recorded. 5.Values for u and v were calculated by finding the differences between the positions. 6. 1/u and 1/v were calculated. 7. A graph of 1/u against 1/v was plotted. 8. The above procedures were repeated with red and blue light filters respectively. 9. The above method was repeated three times for each measurement of three different colours of lights to ensure that the results were accurate List of Apparatus: Light bulb (light source) Red and blue light filters (turn white light into red and blue respectively.) Object grids (to help to make the image clear) Converging lens (focal length=10cm) Lens holder (to hold the lens firmly) Image screen (so image can be cleared seen and observed) Metre rule (to measure u and v) 12V power supply (supplies power to the light bulb.) Variables to be considered (fixed and changing) The positions of light bulb and object grid are fixed during the experiment. The positions of the lens and image screen vary in order to obtain different sets of values of distance (u) and the image distance (v). Intended readings (number and range) The object distance (u) and the image distance (v) need to be measured Design justification Explanation of principles The lens formula (1/f=1/u+1/v) was used to determine the focal length of the lens in order to find the difference in focal length of a converging lens when used to produce images with red and blue light. A lens will not focus different colour in exactly the same place because the focal length depends on its geometry and the refractive index of the material from which it is made. for blue light (short wavelengths) is larger than that of red light (long wavelengths). The amount of chromatic aberration depends on the dispersion of the glass Design justification calculations. Lens formula 1/f = 1/u +1/v A graph of 1/u against 1/v was plotted. when 1/v = 0 then 1/f = 1/u and when 1/u = 0 then 1/f=1/v Consideration of Errors The values were suitable for producing a good line. Possible sources of errors The range of data was not big enough. The image was not clear enough The apparatus were not positioned in a straight line. Implementing Place the light and screen at opposite ends of the optical bench, and move a converging lens until a sharp image is formed on the screen. The distance between lens and screen is (nearly) the focal length of the lens. Short (blue appearing) wavelengths are refracted more than long (red appearing) wavelengths. Consequently, lenses like the one shown above will not image light all in one place. Chromatic aberration arises from dispersion- the property that the refractive index of glass differs with wavelength. positioned along a straight line Data Evaluation Identification of Sources of Error Possible sources of errors The range of data was not big enough. The image was not clear enough The apparatus were not positioned in a straight line. Variations in readings Each set of readings was taken twice to ensure the accuracy. As seen from the graph, there is no anomalies The actual outcome was very similar to the expected result. Summary The chromatic aberration can be corrected by making the lens by different glass.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Free International Trade

Advantages and Disadvantages of Free International Trade    Title of Coursework (please provide whole question) 2(a) Explain why free international trade can be good for countries’ economies, and examine the attempts to reduce trade barriers in the past decade. (maximum 1,000 words) 2 (b) What negative effects might free international trade have upon countries’ economies, and why might counties adopt protectionist policies? (maximum 1,000 words)    Question 2a, Explain why free international trade can be good for countries’ economies, and examine the attempts to reduce trade barriers in the past decade. Trade is a major engine of growth, both in developed and developing countries. Correspondingly, the opening of markets to allow for free trade internationally has been cited as a key factor boosting trade and economic growth globally over the years (OECD, 1999; 2003). There are a number of theories that highlight the reasons why countries should engage in international trade, and which cons equently enhance support for the argument for free trade. These include Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage, the theory of comparative advantage by David Ricardo, and other more recent theories (Mankiw, 2010). The theory of comparative advantage which is one of the most popular theories advocating free trade, posits that nations should specialise in the production of goods for which they have relative/comparative advantage, and exchange them for products from other countries with relative advantage in other products (Reuvid and Sherlock, 2011). Although this theory has some flaws, one of them being that it ignores limits in international demand that may exist for the specialised outputs of some countries (Reuvid and Sherlock, 2011), it nevertheless provides a strong argument for the promotion of free trade. Beyond theoretical reasons, statistics lend further support to the benefits of engaging in international trade. Sachs and Warner (1995), in a study to determine whet her nations open to trade are more prosperous, over a period from 1970 to 1989, reported that for developed countries, the rate of growth for open economies was 2.3% per year, and compared with 0.7% for closed economies. In developing countries, the gains were even higher, with a growth rate of 4.5% for open countries, as against 0.7% for closed countries. The OECD (2003) highlights other potential benefits of removing barriers to trade. They state that removing all tariffs on merchandise trade, and reducing the costs of trade by 1% of global trade value will boost overall welfare globally by over $170 billion a year, and this could add the equivalent of up to 2% to the current GDP of some regions. Other advantages of promoting free international trade through the removal of barriers are as follows: It gives customers greater choice by making available a wider variety of products, and also access to potentially cheaper and/or better quality goods. Removing price distortions encourag es the use of resources in a way that maximises the advantages offered by a country’s strengths/resources. In developing countries, these improvements in resource allocation and increased revenue from exports contribute to the national income and increase the resources available for further investments in development. It also enhances a country’s productivity and wealth (Love and Lattimore, 2009; Reuvid and Sherlock, 2011; The Economist, 2013b). These benefits have led to considerable attempts to reduce trade barriers, some of which shall be discussed subsequently.

Humanitarian Intervention and the Right to Protect Essay

Humanitarian Intervention and the Right to Protect - Essay Example The inviolability of the principle of sovereignty stood as a formidable obstacle to the entrance of other nations into sovereign territories for the purposes of humanitarian intervention. Even though sovereignty was an obstacle to humanitarian intervention, world leaders began to argue that intervention was a moral duty and responsibility. For the purposes of enforcing a right to intervention for humanitarian purposes, Canada founded the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. In 2001, the Commission published a report which openly supported, not just the right of the international community to intervene in instance of humanitarian crisis but which explicitly stated that the international community had a responsibility to protect population from the consequences of such crisis. In the 2005 World Summit in New York, the responsibility to protect was put to the vote and 192 UN member states voted in its favour. The responsibility to protect, also known as R2P, passed into international law. The responsibility to protect is, ostensibly, limited in scope to humanitarian intervention. Within the context of the stated, nations, under the UN umbrella, have the right to enter into a sovereign territory for the purposes of saving lives. ... Objections China, as have several other non-Western nations including Russia, has objected to R2P. China's objection, similar to that of other nations, is partially predicated on the assumption that the R2P doctrine is a strategy for the advancement of the West's politico-cultural and economic agenda upon non-Western nations. This means that R2P is interpreted as an excuse for the intervention in the affairs of sovereign nations. The very notion of humanitarian causes and intervention on the basis of humanitarian principles leaves the door wide upon to foreign intervention in any number of situations, according to China's argument and, ultimately, will constrain the powers of sovereign states. Another of China's arguments against R2P is that it is directly at odds with the doctrine of sovereignty and, indeed, legitimizes the violation of state sovereignty. Within the context of the stated causes, China has expressed fundamental and unwavering objection to R2P. Burma Burma suffered a cyclone of massive proportions which left tens of thousands dead and entire parts of the country devastated. While the death tool has been estimated at over 80,000, fears have been expressed that it is much greater than that. Furthermore, the country's military junta, which has displayed a completed incapability of dealing with the problem and, indeed, does not have the resources to, has been actively rejecting foreign help and aid. As long as it maintains its stance on the disallowance of foreign humanitarian workers into the country, the death tool will continue to rise. France has recently proposed entrance into Burma under R2P. The doctrine maintains that nations have the responsibility to protect populations in instances of humanitarian crisis,

Employment of the Troops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment of the Troops - Essay Example The operations are majorly in Pakistan, Iraq and Afghanistan among others (Borgwardz 81-5). Indeed the states are spending a lot on military operations. The spending is based on salaries of the soldiers and at the sane time weapons used during wars not to forget humanitarian service. If war comes to an end and soldier brought back home then this will mean a lot. The expenditure on war will reduce and more money will be in treasury. With more funds that will be saved, the US can have a paradigm shift. The soldiers will not be apparently resting in the barracks or just confined in the states because there is peace. The soldiers can be made to provide services that are productive to the states and at the same time helps in strengthening economic pillars of the people. The soldiers as is realized are specialist in other sectors of economy. They can be taken back to there areas of specialization to ensure that the states have the maximum number of employees in each sector. This will ensur e that there is efficiency in service delivery. Other military officers can be given technical training to work in industries. The saved money will be used to export raw materials from there sources and be brought to industries. New industries can be established with an aim of producing commodities that are currently being exported by US (Pine 89-92). By doing this, the states will be producers than consumers and enjoy all be benefits the producers enjoy. They will be exporting and earning foreign exchange; at the same time they will be creating opportunity for money generation. Other soldiers may also be trained in research and innovation. In the field of research they will be doing exploration on the possible and potential areas that the United State has not exploited. With this they will be expanding the scope and horizon of the level of research and technology of the states. It will make the states to go along way in terms of resources utilization. The military officers having b een exposed to several civilizations overseas have knowledge from all corners of the world the experienced they have gained may be tapped to improve the United State and to see how they rank as compared to other countries of the different regions of the world (Oatis 800-9). In the attempt to integrate ideas from different places, the states will be indeed leading in terms of globalization and it will reflect all civilization in the world. With that the philosophy of unity amidst diversity will be embodied in the states. Having been exposed to several spheres of lives the US soldiers may be shifted to humanitarian services. They can be advocators for humans to accept every human being for plainly just being another human being, ignoring and abolishing biased social views, prejudiced view points or mind sets. In there advocacy, they should campaign for ethics, kindness, benevolence, sympathy and other accepted virtues to guide human life. This will go along way in perpetuating peace i n the world and creating employment for the soldiers who will be doing this on a volition basis. Instead of attacking countries in wars, US soldiers can shift to provide aid or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes typically on response to humanitarian crisis including natural disasters and man made disasters. This will change there distorted image on war and give them a good admirable public reputation that US will be the epitome of peace and good neighborhood. They should have a primary

Creative Strategies for Community Health Assignment

Creative Strategies for Community Health - Assignment Example Currently 17 percent of children in the United States who are aged between the ages of 2 and 19 years old, and an average of 10.4 percent of preschoolers are overweight. The condition affects children of all ages, race, gender groups and countries (Davies, Fitzgerald & Mousouli, 2008). One of the most successful strategies used in Childhood obesity management is weight and nutritional counseling at the community level. This strategy is effectively being applied in a community based, Childhood obesity management program in Boston that has been dubbed â€Å"Fitness in the City† (FIC). 11 Boston community health centers are currently actively participating in the project with clinicians, nurses and other community based health practitioners being used to offer weight and nutritional counseling services to the community (Graham, 2008). The foremost benefit of this approach is that, clinicians are able to attend to both children and parents at the same time, and hence they find themselves better equipped to help work out adequate lifestyle changes suitable for the whole family. Another major advantage of this strategy is that the children attending the appointments and the rest of their families are not required to leave their neighborhoods so as to be able to access the services this has been of immense help in reducing the number of children who end up missing appointments (Graham, 2008). The Columbus city schools wellness initiative uses innovative strategies to help in reducing childhood obesity rates in the district. The programs uses strategies such as regular BMI screenings for children, water only options in vending machines, in the schools participating in the program, restricted servings for beverages other than water, development of enhanced health education curriculums in the schools. These strategies have considerably helped reduce the

Human Resource Management (HRM) in Different Organisations

Human Resource Management (HRM) in Different Organisations Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers. (http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm) Storey defines HRM as a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic development of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an arryay of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. (Human Resource Management by Julie Beardwell Tim Claydon 5th edition) Thus, HRM includes so many activities like planning, recruitment, selection, training, motivation, remuneration, etc. HRM aims at mounting people through work. In addition to this concern for the individual, HRM is also about developing the environment within the company for developing good qualities. There must be good professional relationship between boss and the employees. The HR manager has to look at all these aspects of the company with long term view to the company. One way of presentating this is that it might have been said of the personnel manager that they were involved mainly in recruitment, payment and keeping account. They therefore concerned themselves with a fairly slight view of the people in the organization. (http://www.encompassculture.com/readinggroups/teachingmanagement/humanresourcemanagement/) The main activities of HRM: The one that we would list are as follows: Recruitment and selection Examples: HRM at nokia:Nokia Connecting People this motto is known all over the world. Nokia employs thousands of people from the world each and every year. Their method of recruitment is really very accurate and selective, and they recruit the people who fulfill their all requirements for the job. ( http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Nokia-Analysis/131739) Training and development Example: HRM at hospitality industry: Nowadays, in each and every industry, training is necessary. An introductory guide is fully updated with recent informations, news and datas.the hospitality industry mainly give attention to following avtivity of human resource management. Selection, appointment and induction Training and management development Labor turnover Employee relations and employment law (http://www.flipkart.com/human-resource-management-hospitality-industry/0750666366-s5w3f9hgko) HRM at B S healthcare London: It is the place where I am working. After interview they had a training for all new comers. It is basically a pharmacy industry which makes the medicines on daily order bases. When I was selected in the interview, I was told to complete 10 specific tasks related to my job of making the medicines, specially suspensions. And after identifying the skills they train the new employees nicely. (Personal experience) Example: Disneys Polynesian Resort: It has developed a training program, to facilitate employee understanding and commitment to the business and its values called Magic of Polynesia. At Edward Jones, new brokers attend 17 weeks of training at costs ranging between $50,000 and $70,000 per person. Conversely, many organizations provide minimal initial training, little on-going development programs, and poorly implemented on-the-job training (http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/1100302-1.html) Human resource planning Provision of contracts Provision of fair treatment Provision of equal opportunities Assessing performance of employees Employee counseling Example: HRM at health centers: Health centre employees must have some nice degree but it is also important that they behave very nicely to the patients. So continuous viewing of the staff in health centers must be monitored by the manager. Generally, in health centers HRM is being observed in following ways: A study of nurse staffing, organization and quality of care A study of staffing level, mix and outcome indicators An examination of nurse staffing, patient mortality rates.( http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/6#IDAQXWED) Employee welfare Example: HRM at Starbucks: Starbucks believes that one of their most expensive resources are their workers. Here the personnel are provided very good environment to work and they are very well treated by the boss also. Managers believe that they are playing the major role in their benefits. All workers are called partners of the starbucks, no matter what job they are doing in the coffee shop. Each partner is eligible to receive health care, participate in the Bean Stock program, and get a free pound of coffee each week. (http://www.academicmind.com/unpublishedpapers/business/marketing/2002-04-000aag-catching-the-starbucks-fever.html) Example: HRM at Hotels: Here, management staff is getting more benefits than non management receives. If the staff work more than 40 hours then they are paid per hour on regular basis and thay may get extra pay for doing over-time. They also have very good pension scheme and they can join in from day 1. (Human Resource management in hotel industry: strategy and innovation by Kim Hoque) Health and safety Example: HRM at airlines industry: Airlines have adopted a short-permits, cost-rational move toward to HRM and health and safety, evidenced by a range of plannings, in order to increase competitive advantage. But, here profit was considered more important than the health and safety of the workers. But nowadays, the management has been improved and the workers get more benefits from the company. (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=879290) Disciplining individual Dealing with grievances Dismissal Negotiation Encouraging involvement (Introducing human resource management by Margaret Foot 2nd edition) Major characteristics of HRM: The major characteristics of HRM have been identified as follows: The importance of adopting a strategic approach is emphasized. Line managers play a very important role. They achieve the competitive advantage by the efforts of the workers. This can variously be interpreted into actions known as soft HRM. A unitary rather than a pluralist approach prevail in the relationship between managers and employees. (Introducing human resource management by Margaret Foot 2nd edition) Strategic human resource management: Strategic human resource management can be defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to progress business performance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In an organisation SHRM means accepting and involving the HR function as a strategic colleague in the formulation and execution of the companys strategies through HR behavior such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. (http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?id=549585) (http://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC722/fc722.html) Since the early 1980s when human resource management arrived on the managerial agenda, there has been considerable debate concerning its nature and its nature and its value to organizations. Indeed, the now large literature rarely differentiates between HRM and SHRM. Some have focused HRM as a means of gaining commitment and linked this to outcomes of enhanced organizational performance and business effectiveness through best practice models or high performance work practices. (Human Resource Management by Julie Bardwell Tim Claydon, 5th edition) Features of SHRM: The key features of SHRM are: There is a strong relation between HR policy and practices and final organizational strategic aims and the organizational environment. There is some organizing diagram linking HR intervention so that they are equally helpful Much of the responsibility for the management of human resources is developed losing the line.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Example: HRM at Cisco System: Charles Schwab was the manager at Cisco system. They think that for providing outstanding customer services, it is necessary to treat their own employees very well. This translates into Schwab employees with five years of service being eligible for four-week paid sabbaticals that can be combined with vacation time. The practices at these sharp contrast to the well-known restaurants that pay minimum weges. ( http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/1100302-1.html) How SHRM differs from HRM: In the last two decades there has been an increasing awareness that HR functions were like an island unto itself with softer people-centred values far away from the hard world of real business. In order to justify its own existence HR functions had to be seen as more intimately connected with the strategy and day to day running of the business side of the enterprise. Strategic human resource management focuses on human resource programs with long-term objectives. Instead of focusing on internal human resource issues, the focus is on addressing and solving problems that effect people management programs in the long run and often globally. ((http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?id=549585) (http://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC722/fc722.html) What are strategic goals and objectives?: Strategic goals are statements of what you wish to get over the period of planned plan, for examples next month, next year, ten years. They reflect the detailed analysis you do that starts with creating a idea, a role statement and a work statement, and then your analysis of your environment, strengths, opportunities and threats. In other way, drafting five or six major strategic or business goals may seem relatively simple. The actual writing may be but connecting the goals to the break of the strategic planning process requires a high degree of analytic and reasonable skill. Example: HRM in boots: boots is a company which produces different kind of products. It is very difficult to make a major change in the organizational staff, ans also it is too difficult for multitask business to single task operations. During the year 2002-03 boots engaged in a programme of focus group meeting for all of their retail employees with the aim of informing and engaging everyone in the business; this involved more than 51000 people staff. The key objective of the meeting was that all staff develop understanding of Boots markets, customers and competitors. (http://www.bized.co.uk/compfact/boots/boots_old/boots_old_15.htm) Organizational innovation and HRM: Innovations can be defined as deliberate and radical changes in existing products or services, processes or the organisation in order to reach competitive advantage compared with competitors . Crucial aspects in this definition are: Innovation means the introduction of something new, at least for the standing organization, in terms of new products or services, new technology or new forms of organization; Innovation takes place with the intention to gain some advantage; Innovations develop through radical jumps although many authors also speak of incremental innovation; Innovations can be managed; this means that there are activities/stages such as goal formulation, design and organization, implementation and monitoring. But they can also present an opportunity: answering them gives the organization the option to expand or to develop into a new direction. In our conceptual framework we distinguish four types of developments: Economic developments, like changes in markets and industries, changes in demands for products and/or services, etc. Technological developments, like the development and application of new technology. Social/cultural developments, like demographical changes, changes in individual preferences, such as individualization, emancipation of specific groups, etc. Political developments, like changes in government policies (towards innovations), general trends like liberalization of trade, supra-national co-operation, etc. (http://www.allbusiness.com/professional-scientific/management-consulting/1024364-1.html) Example of HRM-innovation: The delegation of the responsibility for the development and introduction of new work methods to a team (devolution). Example of HRM-innovation: The introduction of a reward system that is related to innovation outcomes, like the number of new products, the successful implementation of a new technology, etc. Example of HRM-innovation: The HR leadership award which was a part of global excellence awards presented at the congress, is in recognition of Mr. Joshis leadership and contribution to the field of HR. as a tradability. Example of HRM-innovations: The introduction of a more flexible staffing approach e.g. by giving people contracts for the duration of their projects instead of permanent contracts. (http://www.zyduscadila.com/press/Asia%20Pacfic%20HRM%20Congress%20Award%20.pdf) HRM and FLEXIBILITY: The human resource management practices that may affect labor flexibility, that is, the adaptability of a firms workforce. A random sample of managers in the largest manufacturers in Taiwan completed a structured questionnaire containing a measure of employee participation as an indicator of a firms labor flexibility. Important terms related to flexibility of an organization are listed below: Labor market flexibility, where it is said that regulation and resulting inflexibility of the job market act against growth and should be minimized. Flexible firm: a model of organization developed by the former Institute of Manpower Studies in the UK during the 1980s. Argues for a workforce composed of core and peripheral workforces. They take care of the organizations key functions. Peripheral workers are split into three categories: Regular employees engaged in relatively low-skill, routine work. Fairly low pay and insecure the next wave of technology can remove the need for these people. Contingent employees working on high-skill tasks, perhaps on short-term contracts or projects. High pay, no job security but this is compensated for by the freedom to pick and choose projects. Low-skill, low pay contract workers often provided by an agency for cleaning, routine security, catering, etc. Within the model there are some key explanatory concepts:numerical,functionalandpayflexibility and also distancing. The model has its critics and there is little evidence that organizations have made much use of it as a strategic concept. However, individual components such as sub-contracting are commonplace. Flexible specialization. An argument that fordism or mass production is declining in favor of smaller niche market manufacturing. Consumers are more demanding, it seems, wanting more individual products. Questionable. Example: HRM at McDonalds: McDonalds places emphasis on the training and development of its workers. They provide career opportunities for people to achieve their potential. Specially, the firm offers both part-time and full-time career opportunities, which helps staff to combine work with family or educational commitments. Job progression is used to encourage employees who got their 1st job in the firm to progress to manage positions. Over half of the companys middle and senior managers have moved up from restaurant-based positions. ( http://www.bized.co.uk/compfact/mcdonalds/mc16.htm) Managing organizations strategically: A processual view of strategy sees it as the pattern emerging over the time in an organization as actions of both planned and unplanned nature are carried out to enable the organization as a whole to carry on into the future. It follows from this view that strategic choices or managerial decisions are those that have: A corporate dimension: relate to the whole organization as opposed simply to a part of it; A long term implication: whether this be a matter of just surviving in the sense of staying viable or a matter of aiming to operate at higher level of performance. (The strategic management of human resources-Jhon Leopold 2nd edition) SHRM and culture: Over the past decade, the management of a firms entire supply chain has become the process for building improved and stronger upstream and downstream business linkage. Over the past decade, the management of a firms total supply chain has become the process for building better and stronger upstream and downstream business linkages. He concept organizational culture refers to the character of a firm, i.e., what makes the organization unique in the eyes of insiders and outsiders. While there are many definitions of culture, the common theme is the presence of shared values, beliefs, assumptions, and patterns of behavior. Two critical cultural elements are inherent in this definition. The first element of culture is the shared nature of job or role expectations. Over time, supply chain members also develop a common awareness about what is expected of them and what they can anticipate in return. In this sense, there are two aspects of shared expectations: The internal culture that characterizes employee expectations and The external culture that designates channel member expectations. (The strategic management of human resources-Jhon Leopold 2nd edition) Conclusion: I, definitely, think that the linking of HRM with strategic goals and objectives by any organization will help to improve business performance and develop organizational culture s that foster and flexibility. Research on diversity of national cultures and their influence on employees behavior inspire much optimism about emerging perspectives on culture and SHRM practices. There is a growing amount of research that illuminates differences in the way organizations around the globe make decisions, allocate resources, negotiate, manage and motivate employees and train them. Also, from above examples, it can be said that human resource management plays most important role in development of any organization. Strategic HRM is really important for creating innovative culture of an organization. REFERENCES: What Is Human Resource Management?-http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm HRM INTRODUCTION-http://tutor2u.net/business/people/hrm_introduction.htm hrm- http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/human-resource-management-HRM.html Strategic human resource management-http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/general/strathrm.htm HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT http://www.encompassculture.com/readinggroups/teachingmanagement/humanresourcemanagement/ Influence of Culture on Strategic Human Resourcehttp://www.strathmore.edu/research/strategic-human-resource-mgt.pdf Challenges of hrm-http://www.zeromillion.com/business/hrm.html What is hrm?-http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?id=549585 Can you give me an example of human resource management at the company?-http://www.bized.co.uk/compfact/mcdonalds/mc16.htm Nokia analysis-http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Nokia-Analysis/131739 Office of Personnel Management- http://www.opm.gov/studies/alignnet.pdf Can you give me an example of HRM at the company?-http://www.bized.co.uk/compfact/boots/boots_old/boots_old_15.htm HRM in the airline industry: strategies an outcomeshttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=879290 Hrm at The Hospitality Industry http://www.flipkart.com/human-resource-management-hospitality-industry/0750666366-s5w3f9hgko The effects of culture and human resource management- http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/1100302-1.html Hand book on hrm- http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D78K7QIdR3UCpg=PA142dq=hrm%2Bgoalssource=gbs_selected_pagescad=3#v=onepageq=hrm%2Bgoalsf=false Innovating Organisations and HRM:-http://www.allbusiness.com/professional-scientific/management-consulting/1024364-1.html What Are The Characteristics of Good Strategic Goals and Objectives Within Strategic Planning?http://work911.com/planningmaster/faq/goalsgood.htm http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/6#IDAQXWED JOURNAL of diversity management- Third Quarter 2007 Human Resource Management by Julie Beardwell Tim Claydon, 5th edition Organizational Behaviour by David Buchanan, 5th edition Introducing human resource management by Margaret Foot 2nd edition The strategic management of human resources-Jhon Leopold 2nd edition Human resource management practiceBy Michael Armstrong page 144 Human Resource management in hotel industry: strategy and innovation by Kim Hoque Strategic Human Resource Management by Susan Jacson BIBLIOGRAPHY: JOURNAL of diversity management- Third Quarter 2007 Human Resource Management by Julie Beardwell Tim Claydon, 5th edition Organizational Behaviour by David Buchanan, 5th edition Introducing human resource management by Margaret Foot 2nd edition The strategic management of human resources-Jhon Leopold 2nd edition Human resource management practiceBy Michael Armstrong page 144 Human Resource management in hotel industry: strategy and innovation by Kim Hoque Strategic Human Resource Management by Susan Jacson