Analysis of Meditation IV by John Donne Essay

The opening statement of John Donnes Meditation IV sets a disposition for the whole article. ..Except God, Man is a diminutive to nothing (Donne 23) is saying man is bigger than the world; excluding the fact that God conquers and controls all. Man is in control of his own life, but God controls his fate. It is also stating that the world is nothing in comparison to man and is not as complex. Donnes numerous comparisons between human anatomy and nature shows how mans complexity overcomes the world and is therefore considered bigger than it. Mans veins are used in comparison to simple rivers and muscles to hills to justify his complexity over the world. This analogy is used to show just how closely related humans are to nature, yet still closer in comparison and controlled by God. God is the puppet master of all, and has fixed the order of nature (Aquinas 79) . He has made man the only species with direct connection to Him. The Lord says, The works that I do, he also shall do, and grea ter than these shall he do (87). Donne continues his comparison by stating as the whole world hath nothing, to which something in man doth not answere, so hath man many pieces, of which the whole world hath no representation (Donne 23). This means that man can relate to anything in the world, but the world does not have the capacity to do the same. He goes on to state that even though Gods creatures are everywhere, not just in the sea, and are born giants physically in comparison to humans, their mental competence is nothing in contrast to man. Donne states that Gods creatures reach everywhere; land and sea, Earth to Heaven, but his thoughts are comprehended by all. Donne writes of two different worlds where monsters and diseases coexist and live with one another. The world in which there are monsters is a representation of the Earth. Animals are able to cure themselves, so they are able to survive and live harmoniously; each animal is able to coexist and live independently. The world of disease is one which has been created by the humans and representing the human body. They are so consumed with conquering everything and everyone; they have acquired diseases for which there is no name because there are so many within the world. The diseases have become entangled and have formed new ones. Donne is saddened by the separation of the worlds and the humans dependency on animals and various  remedies. He cannot understand how we can have so many diseases without names and remedies. Donnes analogy of Hercules and a Physician does give a physician heroic characteristics, but also can be perceived negatively. The over exaggeration of the physicians position makes it seem like he is fighting monsters instead of disease and as if he existed on Earth instead of within his own human body. The line, †¦hee musters up al the forces of the other world, to succor this; all Nature to relieve Man (24), explains the previous statement by saying that the physician uses the knowledge of Earth to cure the human body of disease. Donne feels like the physicians need to take from the monsters world is degrading and humans should be able to exist without the need of animals. Donne then tries to separate himself from the physician and say the physician is different than the typical man. We have the phisician, but we are not the physician (24). He will not be considered in the same hierarchy as the physician, even though a physician is human. Because the physician must resort to animalistic means to cure disease, he is considered lesser in Donnes eyes; even though he previously believed God placed all of human kind on the same level. He goes on to state that we shrink back to Gods set standards for us, sink into our dignity and respect for other creatures, and have the physician do all the dirty work. Donne then goes on to list different animals that do cure themselves of ailments. The Hart can distinguish which herbs can deceive a predator and make it vomit up the poison. A dog that is attacked knows he can be cured by eating grass. Donne mentions the Drugger, which is the closest creature to Man, because he simply supplies the medicine. The Drugger, unlike the physician, does not find the cures or have to consult the animal world. Because the Drugger cannot cure himself of disease, he must seek advice from the physician to be healed. Donne speaks of the innate instinct to cure oneself that humans do not have and infers that creatures with that instinct are superior to those without.  This contradicts his previous stance that humans are superior to all and are Gods gift to the world. It seems now he believes that animals are the superior beings and God is working through them instead. He is disappointed by his own species and tries to separate himself from human beings. By his analysis of the physician, he is able to make himself feel superior and less inadequate for not being able to cure himself. Donne then refers back to his previous stance of human position and discredits it completely. He proposes the question, whats become of mans great extent and proportion, when himself shrinkes himselfe, and consumes himselfe to a handfull of dust?(25) It seems as if he is trying to figure out what will happen if humans become so dependent upon animals for all aspects of life. What will be left for humans to do if animals become superior and take over everything? The comparison to a handful of dust may be an overstatement, but a metaphor to the humans usefulness at the very least. The question, whats become of his soaring thoughts, his compassing thoughts, when himself brings himself to the ignorance, to the thoughtlessnesse of the Grave? (25) puts man at the animalistic level and says they have the thought capacity of a simple animal. The reference to the Grave lowers humans even more to the afterlife and a corpses inability to do anything. This reference refers back to Donnes previous statement that humans will eventually be useless, but takes it a step further and makes them as useful as a corpse. The Grave also is an allusion to God and his ability to control life and the fate of everything. Donne ends his meditation with a restatement on his final stance on Earth vs. the human body. He believes humans are able to live within world of disease, but do not have the capacity to heal themselves like animals do. They are therefore inferior and the physician is even lower because he is a human that must heal other humans, but still cannot heal himself like animals are. Animals are able to live independently and do not rely upon one another to survive. If one species died, they have to ability to adapt and overcome any problems. Donne feels that humans would not be able to do this. At first he believes God made humans strong and able to conquer all, but he contradicted himself and talked his way out of that belief. Bruce Boehrer states that,  [relative anthropocentrism] associates large and variable subsets of the human community to a greater or lesser extent with the realm of nature, while reserving full human statues only for specific, arbitrarily defined social groups (Boehrer 17) . Boehrer may be inferring that humans choose when to use the talents God specifically gave them, which would not make them inferior as Donne states, but rather superior for not wasting energy on characteristics not given to them, but using inferior creatures to cure them. Works Cited: Donne, John. Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions. Ann Arbor, MI: U of Michigan P, 1990. Aquinas, St. Thomas. Summa Theologiae. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company. Boehrer, Bruce. Shakespeare Among the Animals: How To Do Things With Animals. Palgrave.

Qualities of a Good Book Essay

Personally, I think the qualities of a good book are many, and diverse. To be good, I think a book should relate to life experiences, give the audience something they can relate to and empathize with, to help them learn something that will help them in their life. Yet, the book should do this in such a way that not only does it act as a window into the human world, yet also offer escapism. It should have a character that the readers can identify with, in a way that they imagine what it is like to be the character themselves. Though, the character should be normal enough to identify with, yet special enough to go on adventures (in fictional books) and unique in their own ways. Another factor that comes into play in the qualities of a good book is the fact that it should captivate the reader; should be wholly absorbing and keep the readers not only reading the first few pages but reading till the very end. I myself have left many books through the middle, seeing as they had lost my interest. A good book should have a very unique original plot and story line. The readers should be able to enjoy what they are reading; and to do that the story must be original, since I (and presumably many others) find no pleasure in reading books with similar or identical plots of situations. Not only that, but the plot must have twists and tensions to make the book more appealing to the human minds analyzing it. A good plot never comes without tensions in my point of view- it should be a whole package. The book should keep the readers on edge, reading and turning page after page wanting to know what will happen next. That, for me, is the post important quality a book should have. It is quite easy to get the interest of many people into reading a book, but to have the readers finish it anxiously till the very last page is something that takes skill, talent and quality, and not all have those critical traits. Thus, tensions to say the least, are a must, since the book should give you something to think about. A good book is unpredictable. What’s the point in reading a book where one can easily predict the ending, or the future events that were to happen? The book should keep your mind flooded with options, keep the reader pondering, yet at the same time throw the reader completely off guard when the time comes. It should be exciting, surprising, flabbergasting and memorable; the reader should absentmindedly be able to causally cross a situation and remember and think of the book. A great book is inexhaustible, so no reading of it is a final reading, and no discussion ever runs it dry. You can never say you’re done with it except in a provisional sense. If you take a break and come back to it, you’ll find more in it. Good grammar and style are also very important- A great book is well crafted. For me, I like to read the best which has been thought and said. For us, the two have to go together. It needs to be clear and straight to the point- the reader must understand it with undying clarity. What if somebody had a great idea but wrote about it badly? We need to be able to lean on every sentence, and not have it suddenly give way and crumble beneath the weight of our analysis. The style is also important, as well as the meaning behind the words. I should be clear, yet with a twinge of mysterious in it, yet not confuse and baffle the reader with bad grammar or sequencing. â€Å"Well, he said this, but maybe he meant something else. † Last but not least, I think a good book should always have romance and drama. If not, even a little romantic twist always fills in the empty gaps, don’t you think?

Immanuel Kant Ethical Theory Part A

Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory. According to Bentham, the utilitarian principle discloses that the action of morally right when it promotes the maximum happiness for a majority of the citizens (Dion, 2012, p. 10). Therefore, utilitarianism can be expressed by, the greatest good for the highest number. In Ted 's situation, utilitarianism theory explains option in paying the inspector $500.00 would be most preferable as it will maximise happiness for Ted, his employees and the inspector. Kantian Ethics Kant 's ethical theory is deontological theory. In deontological theories actions are evaluated as ethical or unethical based on one duty. Kantian ethics theory includes duty for the sake of duty regardless to human happiness, unlike utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant defined duty as â€Å"the action which is objectively practical according to this law and excludes inclination from its determining grounds is called duty† (Kant, 1956, p. 83). According to Kant, all acts have a maxim. Maxim is a rule or principle. He mentions, â€Å"So act that the maxim of your will could always hold at the same time as principle establishing universal law† (Kant, 1956, p. 30). He makes an effort to provide a universal law which is correct under any conditions for everybody. Therefore, it can be concluded that Kantian ethics emphasises a universal morality. According to Kantian ethics, action is ethical if it 's satisfied the categorical imperative test (Strategies,The easy accessibility of pornography and long term exposure to it from an early age can lead to damaging views about women or even correlate with violence and sex crimes. Young males especially are targeted and pressured by peers and society to consume porn and throughout time, may become desensitized to the brutality, violence and degradation depicted in it. Now that does not necessarily mean every male will go out and commit a sex crime, but it has been studied that males who view porn frequently have less empathy for rape victims and may exhibit aggressive behavior and or hold negative opinions about women. In order for these increasingly negative attitudes towards women, the policies and regulations surrounding how easy it is to find porn, very much need to be altered. Pornography can play a major role in affecting the brains of young males who watch it, and by result can influence them to be violent towards women. As technology has progressed and with the internet flourishing over the past 20 years, in comes the inevitable chance of finding porn. A computer with internet access can typically be found in almost every household in the country, and thus –the increase of porn exposure. For males in particular who are more likely to search for it, pornography becomes available at every corner of the web by a simple Google search to a free porn site, or even in advertisements. The porn exposure typically begins at an early age, â€Å"9 out of 10 boys are exposed to pornographyWilliam Blake The Tyger And Walt Whitman Poetry The two poems that have to deal with the philosophies of human nature are William Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself.† Blake’s poem is based off the Romantics and Walt Whitman is an American Naturalist that is based off free verse a form that he created. William Blake’s poetry is considered through the Romantics era and they access through the sublime. The Romantics poetry through the sublime is beyond comprehension and spiritual fullness. A major common theme is a nature (agnostic religion). In William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† he describes the tiger as a creature that was created by a higher power some time before. In Blake’s poem he questions, â€Å"What immortal hand or eye/ Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?† (Blake 22-23). He describes the tiger as a form of symmetry that can be seen as evil, yet have intriguing features such as those that make the tiger a beautiful creation. Blake also questions if that the higher being who created the tiger also created all else around the world such as a human being. Blake shifts his first stanzas from the tiger to the creator. Not only is he questioning who created the tiger, but he is also describing the beauty and evil of the world. The beauty that the Romantics believe in is nature and one evil seen through the world is materialism that distract humans from the beauty of nature 's gifts. He believes that people lose touch with spirituality when haven’t given to nature. Blake also illustrated his own works throughMod2 Week 1 Hand in Assignment Review of Oviatt and... MOD2 WEEK 1 HAND IN ASSIGNMENT REVIEW OF OVIATT AND McDOUGAL'S "Toward a Theory of International New Ventures" Oviatt and Mcdougall in their paper, Toward a Theory of International New Ventures, tried to identify and define International New Ventures in the context of the global marketplace. Their work gained global acclaim in its bid to pose questions about the validity of existing theory on internalization. A decade later, Zahra’s work titled â€Å"A theory of international new ventures: A decade of research† attempts to build on prominent aspects of the work of Oviatt and McDougall with the hope of highlighting their important contributions to the field of international new ventures. I will attempt to highlight the areas where Zahra’s work To understand whether the actions carried out was rational or whether it did more harm or good, it is necessary to review the development of RDS in a preterm baby. Neonatal RDS is a condition of increasing respiratory distress commencing at or shortly after birth (BAPM-2006). It’s the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (Greenough, et al 2004). Typically RDS affects preterm infants with the incidence being inversely proportional to the gestational age (Stewart 2005) Approximately 60% of those born before 28 weeks gestation are affected (Fraser, et al 2004) Incidence also increases in infants of diabetic mothers those born via elective caesarean section (Fraser, et al 2004) and perinatal asphyxia (Rodriguez, 2003). RDS is characterised by tachypnoea, nasal flaring, intercostal and sub costal in drawing with sternal retraction and a predominantly a diaphragmatic breathing pattern and a characteristic expiratory grunt or moan and cyanosis without oxygen, all persisting within 4-6 hours of delivery. 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Even though these problems have been present for so long, people are not realizing the gravity of this issue. Global warming and sea level rise are not only causing the climate to change; they are also negative ly affecting organisms and habitats, the economy, and various coastal regions. It is undeniable that our planet is changing and getting warmer. The temperatures are rising; ice caps and glaciers are melting; sea levels are increasing, and natural disasters have been occurring more and more frequently. Years ago, scientists assumed that if planetary warming could be maintained below two degrees Celsius, perils such as sea level rise could be avoided (Carey, par. 1). However, it seems that this indication wasn’t exactly the case. Ongoing research suggests that three global feedback mechanisms seem to be pushing the earth into a more rapid period of climate change: altered ocean

Elements of Design (Intro to film) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of Design (Intro to film) - Assignment Example The mise-en-scà ¨ne has elements that portray the illusion of innocence and safety of middle-class homes in the midst of a violent world. The director of Scream is Wes Craven, who is in charge of interpreting the script and providing the general look of the film, while also directing the actors and the scene while shooting. The director decides how the script will look like visually because every scene contributes to the total look of the film (Goodykoontz & Jacobs, 2011, p.7.1). For instance, in the clip on Casey’s killing, Craven decides the direction of the chase and kill scene and what is included in the mise-en-scene. For the chase, the medium shot includes both Ghostface and Casey, which shows the stabbing and Casey’s terrified reaction. The shot includes the woods and the house at the back, which increases the scariness of the scene because of the darkness and lack of people around to save Casey. The lawn and existence of houses in the vicinity further show that the setting should be a relatively safe place, but it is obviously not. Casey cries as she looks at her gushing wound at her chest. Crave n chooses to no longer show the succeeding stabs to create a more terrorizing impact of the audience imagining how Casey is killed. Craven creates a horrifying scene where he directs the action, actors, and scene to produce the chilling effect of being killed in one’s home. The production designer, Bruce Alan Miller, works closely with the director in managing the set and prop direction (Proferes, 2008, p.40). In the clip, the production designer chooses the setting of the house in the woods to maximize the brutal killing of Casey (Irving & Rea, 2010, p.123). As Casey tries to call her parent’s attention, the latter enters their house appreciating their flowers. The flowers in the front yard are part of the production set that increases the irony of the situation. The parents notice the flowers more than their dying daughter. The flowers also signify

Operations management unit 9 project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations management unit 9 project - Essay Example The companys employee base, including those that work for the companys franchises has reached 130,000 by 1998. In 1998, Radissons president Brian Stage, and executive vice president Maureen OHanion, has been contemplating major change in the companys operations in order to gain competitive edge. The two executives think of adopting a different brand strategy which promises higher quality of service across all Radisson hotels. Commitment to improving the service quality and achieving higher customer satisfaction is something that the two executives see that Radisson needs in order to secure its position in the industry. The companys service guarantee should be defined in the following manner: â€Å"let us know if there is a problem and well have it fixed; otherwise, your accommodation is free.† This shows the companys strong commitment to provide excellent service that if the customer is not satisfied, then the service becomes free. This guarantee does not serve to reward picky and troublesome customers, but to convince the customers about the message the company is trying to convey with regard to its commitment to improving service quality, similar to the following manner: â€Å"the company will try to do its best to please you, and if you are not pleased then well shoulder the fees, as part of the cost of your dissatisfaction.† In order to implement this, the company has to gain the support of the different stakeholders such as owners, managers and front-line employees. By knowing that a dissatisfied customer costs a lot to the company and may affect their interests being stakeholders of the company, commitment to customer satisfaction can be strengthened. Improving the companys service quality cannot be cost-effective without information technology. As stated in the case (Schroeder 458), the two information systems are key to

Principle Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principle Management - Essay Example As the essay discusses culture of an organization is said to be strong when the staff respond to the stimulus and it is weak when there is no alignment with the corporate values. Culture is one great key to success. Different views are found on the classification of corporate cultures but those of Handy have been most widely cited. His method of organizational culture links it to organizational structure. According to him, culture can be grouped under four types – power culture, task culture, role culture, and people culture. This paper declares that power culture is an ideal means to map and understand the values of an organization. Power in any organization is usually concentrated in a few pairs of hands. Power culture control radiates from the centre like a web and reaches the staff through the rays. Very few rules and procedures are available and communication is normally direct and verbal. This culture can be found in small businesses culture entrepreneurial organizations. Like minded people are chose to remain in close proximity to the centre. They group takes calculated risks and being cohesive, they react promptly to internal culture external threats. This type of culture does not affect group or project work as the group is normally cohesive and the central figure is autocratic. In a Role culture, people have clearly defined authorities within a defined structure. Role cultures are highly formalized. They are bound with regulations and paperwork. These organizations form hierarchical bureaucracie s and are like a pyramid in structure.

Mobile commerce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mobile commerce - Research Paper Example There is more to be done and areas to be covered so as to realize the potential benefits of global of M-commerce. Its constrains and threats should also be dealt with. The first M-commerce was conducted in 1997 in Helsinki, Finland. Two vending machines for Coca Cola that are mobile enabled were installed. Payments could be made through Short Message Service (SMS). The same year, Merita bank of Finland launched the first banking service that is done through SMS. The sale of digital content started when Radiolinja launched the first commercially downloadable ringtones in 1998. Two great milestones were launched in 1999. These are, Smart money in Philipines and NTT DoCoMos i-Mode in Japan. This is an internet service which offered a revenue-sharing plan between NTT DoCoMos i-Mode and the content owner. M-mobile spread rapidly in 2000. Payments for parking were made through mobile in Norway. This was extended to train ticketing in Australia and purchase of airline tickets in Japan. The potentiality of including medical applications to M-mobile was demonstrated by peter Bentley and UCL Computer Science in 2008 (Venkatesh et al, 2003). The basis for M-commerce is high speed internet connectivity. This is well provided by mobile phones and other mobile devices. Tarasewich (2003) points out that in M-commerce, there are websites called Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP) that are developed specifically for mobile devices and mobile phones. Websites that are enabled by WAP display catalogs of products available for users of mobile phones worldwide. M-commerce has overtaken E-commerce and E-business because mobile devices are easy to use, easily available, user friendly and lightweight. Therefore, M-commerce is simply E-commerce conducted over a mobile phone or other mobile device. M-commerce is more under the control of the customer because customization is possible. Customers can personalize their devices like mobile phones to receive what they want, how and when. It

Lesdership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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Jazz by Toni Morrison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Jazz by Toni Morrison - Essay Example Morrison is also called a historian because she writes about the African-American life long experience happened with them in American history temporally and spatially. She also depicts African-American female characters as heroes in most of her novels. Even, it is commented that she has proved herself a hero for all Americans because of her marvelous writings. Morrison experienced many tragedies in 1993. Her mother died and her home in Grand View-on-Hudson, New York, was destroyed by a fire. She also experienced a great honor when she received the Nobel Peace Prize in Literature in that same year. She was the eighth woman and the first black woman to receive this ("Morrison, Toni" 2) "Morrison's enduring popularity, somewhat rare for a novelist of such high literary stature, became evident in 1996, when Song of Solomon resurfaced on bestseller lists after a push from one of Morrison's more powerful fans, the talk-show host and one-woman media empire Oprah Winfrey, who also starred in the 1998 film version of Beloved" ("Morrison, Toni" 2). After graduating from college, Morrison went on to teach English. She eventually married and started a family. She continued teaching while taking care of her family. All of her novels are woven with many themes. She communicates the sense of loss that African-Americans experienced after the end of slavery. Often Morrison's characters struggle and fail to find their true selves. They seem disconnected from their community and past. Ancestry is also evidently important to Morrison and she believes that it is characteristic of black writing. Morrison is constantly placing her characters in extreme situations that we think human beings cannot bear. These extreme conditions show their true nature. She weaves several other messages throughout her novels. She believes that to be free, one must take risks. Morrison does not advocate irresponsibility. She believes in being responsible for one's choices. She also believes that innocenc e has to be lost in order for the person to grow. The Setting of Jazz The setting of Jazz is in Harlem during the 1920s. This was a place of promise of a better life for Black Americans, which turns to disappointment for most when they get there. The city was full of excitement, chaos and energy. There were Jazz Clubs everywhere and music all the time ("Editorial Reviews" 1). The story begins with Dorcas' funeral. Violet has just tried to slash the dead girl's face with a knife. Her husband Joe had been having an affair with Dorcas and shot her after she rejected him. The overall atmosphere is bittersweet. The story is not written in a chronological order. It goes from the present, back to the past when Dorcas was still alive and back to the present again. It is written in different points of view that when put together tells a bigger story. The story is written in third person and the narrator has omniscient knowledge. (Treherne, 208) The narrator tells not only what is in the char acter's mind, but also what is going on outside of them. The narrator at times seems to not have any more control over the story than the reader. The major themes in the novel are youth versus age, music and memory. Youth versus age is one of the central themes. The main relationship in the novel is between "Joe Trace, a fifty year old man, and Dorcas, who is in her late teens" ("Jazz Major Themes" 1). Dorcas becomes a symbol of youth throughout the

With reference to theory and research, examine the view that women Essay

With reference to theory and research, examine the view that women need to demonstrate masculine qualities to succeed in organizations - Essay Example Women are always absent from top management levels simply because masculine transactional cultures act as obstacles to professional progress of the feminine gender. Apparently, masculine attitudes, cultural inclinations and organizational biases exclude women from occupying top professional levels (Francine 2010, p. 67). Basically, top professional within an organization like managing directors are traditionally expected to demonstrate traits such as decisiveness, aggressiveness, toughness, and intelligence. These traits are primarily associated with masculinity and not femininity; hence women are stereotypically viewed as being unable to act in ideal leadership manners (Gibling 2006, p. 03). In this regard, there is a popular view that women ought to demonstrate masculine attributes in order to proceed to top professional levels in organizations. Admittedly, traditional approaches like legislations and labor policies used to achieve gender equality in organizations have been instrumental in advancing the position of women within the corporate world. Unfortunately, these traditional approaches have fallen short of uplifting women past middle level management levels. Futility of legislations and labor policies in advancing women in the corporate world can be attributed to the organizational concept of glass ceiling (Gibling 2006, p. 04). In practical contexts, lack of female representation in boardrooms is an example of a glass ceiling that makes it hard for members of an organization to entertain the thoughts of working under female bosses. Also, family commitments and related reproductive issues act as barriers to advancement of women in workplaces. For example, women with the right academic and professional qualifications are eligible as candidates for top positions, but their ambitions and visions are cut short whenever th ey are forced to take maternity leaves and other family related commitments (Acker

Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay This chapter deals with the review of Literatures and Studies. It also presents the synthesis of the review and its relevance to the present study. Related Literature AMA student Kariz Reinalyn B. Galano (et. al. Don Ricardo C. Lazaro, Rozmaigne Ann L. Sebastian, Kevin Patrick E. Viesca) (2012) cited in their approved thesis proposal at present ACLC has three hundred sixty five students enrolled. The institution is currently using a manual system in their Library and has weak security. Students can borrow books but need to return it within 5 school days. There is no proper monitoring on books being returned. There are no penalties imposed to the students as well. The only way the librarian will find out if there are still pending books not returned is during the end of semester at the inventory period. The librarian then will not sign the clearance of the students who failed to return the books. Another problem is the list of inventory of books. The students need to go and ask for the librarian’s assistance in order for them to search for the books. Karen Foss (2010), Library Director of the Catawba County Library System in Newton, North Carolina has expressed that it is difficult to find materials to help new public library managers cultivate their professional development. Most of the research and writings on library management have focused on academic libraries and only recently has there been more interest in the administration of public libraries. The skill and style of public library managers – the directors, branch managers, and department and service managers who are leading these institutions – strongly affects the culture of a public library. Library staff looks to these managers to help them navigate through the rapid changes that are occurring in public libraries as these changes in technology, roles, and user expectations strongly alter their daily routines of public service. Contemporary library managers need a wider array of skills and attributes than their earlier and more traditional counterparts and will need to seek continual professional development to remain effective as public libraries transition into the twenty-first century. These managers will also need to distinguish between management and leadership skills and learn to identify and mentor leaders within their staff who can assist in the transition. According to Alvin javelosa (2011) library is a collection of books, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. The term library has itself acquired a secondary meaning: a collection of useful material for common use, and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. this study will help the library personnel or the librarian in monitoring the books accurately. Further, the use of cataloguing will be made easier through an advance system provided by this study. The librarian is encountering problems in doing transactions like borrowing books, checking the availability of books, returning and accessioning of books because all the transactions are being done manually. The process is time consuming. This proposed system will provide their library a computerized system making it more organized and easy to access. The advantage of this study is to make their current system more effective and efficient. This computerized library system is a transaction processing system (TPS) that will provide a convenient cataloguing, inventory, monitoring, accessioning, borrowing, returning, security and retrieving of records. html) According to Mohd Fairuz Anwar Bin Mahadi (2005), The Library management system will store all the books and members information that consist book number, book title, author name and racks to the system database. The system also provides search function to help students find the book by number of book. Search functions will search through the books database to look for the book and view where the book is situated. For the administrator user, only librarians have access to view or edit data from the system databases. Administrator user will handle administrative functions such create new LMS user account and decide the number of days allowed for the borrowed books. User needs to enter correct password and user id before user can access this function. From here, user can add, delete or update the book and borrower database. (http://library. utem. edu. my/index2. php? option=com_docmantask=doc_viewgid=3761Itemid=208) According to Donna M. Salinas (2010) Library is the best place in the school where the students review and study. It is the place where students study so our group aims to improve the manual operation of the library system. We thought of something that makes the time of students and library personnel decreases for searching and borrowing of books. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/56632694/library-system) Related Studies: According to Shelagh (2001) Fisher library management system is becoming marginalized in the context of ICT developments currently taking place within the library sector because suppliers have failed to keep up with such developments, or have been more concerned with keeping up with the changes in the core functions. The aim of this research, therefore, was to determine the feasibility of developing and disseminating a model system specification which could be used to assist and guide libraries in the procurement of library management systems. The premise was that if a core set of requirements for library management systems, as articulated by purchasing libraries, could be identified, it followed that it would be feasible to develop a model specification or ‘toolkit’ on which procuring libraries could draw. Identification of a potential core set of requirements could be identified primarily by undertaking analyses of  specifications produced by libraries for the tendering process in acquiring a library management system. Thus forty-one specifications were collected from libraries which had recently acquired a library management system, and these were subjected to various levels of analysis. The results are reported in Section 4. Secondly, it was decided that as library system suppliers were in receipt of large numbers of specifications produced by procuring library authorities they were in a strong position to comment on the feasibility, and desirability, of developing a model specification. Thus, a survey of UK system suppliers was undertaken to determine the collective view of suppliers on the role, content, quality and usefulness of the specification as a procurement tool. The results of the survey are reported in Section 5. A detailed account of the methods used in this Study is provided in Section 3. The next section (Section 2) provides a review of the literature on the role and content of specifications, and identifies weaknesses in approaches to producing specifications for the purchase of library systems. (et. al. Rachel Delbridge, Sian Lambert) (http://www. cerlim. ac. uk/projects/harmonise/harmonise. pdf) According to Veronica Adamson (2008) Changes in society and technology are impacting significantly on UK HE libraries and consequently on their management systems. Demographic changes, political and economic drivers are affecting university services and funding structures, and a ‘new realism’ of pragmatic economic and business considerations presides. (JISC SCONUL LMS Study Report, March 2008) Library management systems have developed in response to technical advances and user requirements, mainly in developing electronic interfaces, refining standards and access protocols, purchasing and acquisition processes and cataloguing systems. Increasing globalization of goods, services and communities means that technical platforms are now developed on an international basis and implemented for a worldwide network of users and contributors. A new market for library services and information provision has emerged, with Google and Amazon as a de facto paradigm and metaphor for discovery and delivery. Perceptions of the role and function of the university library are changing, developing and often conflicting, particularly in relation to the provision for collection and circulation, resource discovery, ownership and control, personalization  and seamless access to resources. Enhancing usability and accessibility for an increasingly diverse user community is of increasing importance for libraries. Today’s library users expect speed and immediacy of information discovery, one-stop access to aggregated services, user-generated open content, and personalized, workflow-related delivery to the desktop. (et. al. Paul Bacsich, Ken Chad, David Kay, Jane Plenderleith) (http://www. jisc. ac. uk/media/documents/programmes/resourcediscovery/lmsstudy. pdf) According to Herrera C Rocio (1987) the work habits of users in any activity requiring information, the importance they attach to obtaining it and the facilities at their disposal, their knowledge of these facilities, their assessment of their value and the possibility of their obtaining what they are looking for are the factors that affect user behaviour in the quest for information. The behaviour of the users of university libraries specifically is affected, in addition to the above factors, by others directly related to the university environment, such as teaching methods and the type of education provided. The countrys education system is a teaching-learning process largly consisting in an essentially repetitive pattern in which the student consumes and reproduces the concepts transmitted by the teacher. This model is mainly based on the university lecture system, in which the teacher simply gives a course of study and provides the pupil with a brief bibliography consisting basically of texts. The result has been that education has not become a critical and creative process and library resources have accordingly been under-utilized. As regards the response to the information services provided by university libraries, it can be said that research workers do not use the services properly since the role of the library as an agent for the transfer of information has been disregarded in the research process, this type of user tending to acquire information through informal channels of communication, such as personal contacts with other colleagues. In its turn, the library has neglected its task as a constituent part of the research enterprise, forgetting that one of the priorities of the university, in addition to its teaching role, is that of research, which is the source of much knowledge of benefit not only to the university but also to the community in general. The university library should pay special attention to ascertaining not only the specific information needs of each type of user but also user behaviour patterns in the information retrieval process, in order that these needs may be met and the factors responsible for the non-use of the library restricted to a minimum. This will be achieved through an appropriate methodology for conducting user studies, which will then provide guidelines for the organization of user training or instruction courses aimed at the various groups. These courses will influence the future response of users to information services. Since user behaviour in the information retrieval process determines the level of library-user interaction, continual monitoring by the librarian of changes in that behaviour is necessary. These changes are dependent not only on information needs but also on the possible impact of the introduction of new services. This shows that, over and above the matter of training in the use of library resources, user behaviour presents a number of special features, largely reflecting the fact that the information needs of those concerned are not well defined and that their request for information are consequently vague and very general. It follows that library staff should bear in mind their active role in promoting and publicizing their services and resources since, despite the continual emphasis placed on the role of information in development, it has been shown that users tend to dispense with non-essential information, the usual practice being to rely on memory, to evade the problem or to solve it with vague or incomplete information. However, it should not be overlooked that there is another group of users who consult libraries actively and effectively in order to satisfy their information needs; although accessibility influences the use that they make of resources, the most important thing for this group is their confidence and faith in the information system. (c Loreto M. Libia and Rua R. Ivan) (http://www. unesco. org/webworld/ramp/html/r8722e/r8722e0l. htm) According Neelakdan,B (2010) a sincere attempt has been made towards finding out ways and means for automating activities in the School of Chemistry Library. The objective of this study is to use the Koha Open Source software system for the automation of the major day ­ to ­day activities of the various section of the School of Chemistry Library, which is tiresome and cumbersome. After the investigation, the researcher has found that Koha Software is more suitable for the library Automation. This project had the basic objective of designing a bibliographic database for the School of Chemistry library, with which the automation of circulation routines is carried out. From this point of view it may be concluded that Koha is a useful package for the creation of a database and for information retrieval. This set of Manuals for the automation of circulation section is tested with the database created from the collection of chemistry department library. A sample database for a few thousand works and a database of the users/borrowers are created. With that test sample the Manuals for each function of the circulation section is tested with the available computer system. Koha is an integrated software system with all the required models for small to very large libraries. It is found that this automation projects will serve as a model for any library. (http://www. ipublishing. co. in/jarvol1no12010/EIJAER1014. pdf) According to Dio P. Doble (2011) A college strengthens its educational level through the advancement of its library. The Botolan Community College Computerized Library System aimed to enhance the procedures of the library, from manually operated to a computerized system. This proposal’s purpose was to ease the transactions in the library, i,e. , leading of books, storing of books, search engine for books, manage members of the library and secure the library system. The librarian and the library users still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log books in listing the books. They use library cards and card catalogues in searching for reading and reference materials. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/99431218/Computerized-Library-System)

Chinua Achebe vs. Margret Atwood Essay Example for Free

Chinua Achebe vs. Margret Atwood Essay Compare the ways that vultures are portrayed and used in the poems by Margaret Atwood and Chinua Achebe. By Jessica Tilbrook. Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwood grew up in two very different environments. They were born almost a decade apart, yet they both managed to construct two very meaningful poems about vultures. Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. In 1967 the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria. Achebe became a devoted supporter of Biafra independence and served as ambassador for the people of the nation. But to get this point there was a 3 year war of independence ravage. Chinua Achebe witnesses some horrific scenes. He saw babies, children and adults starving to there death. He saw his own people from Biafra killing others from Nigeria. He saw how loving people have the capacity to be evil and vice versa according to Achebes version on the poem vultures. Chinua Achebe believed that any good work of art should have a purpose. Achebes vultures defiantly had a purpose, as it shows how even evil, vile creatures like vultures have the capacity to love. Throughout Achebes poem there is a negative feel. From the very start of the poem it is unpleasant and quite graphic in the description of the vultures. In the poem it occasionally refers to love as one of the vultures inclines affectionately. This suggests that even vile creatures can have the capacity to love. Chinua Achebe uses many techniques throughout his poem vultures. The structure of the poem has no rhyming scheme or lines of the same lengths. The lines are written short, probably on purpose as you can then appreciate the horror, by reading it slower, creating tension. Achebes poem isnt really in Stanzas it is more split into four sections; this is probably done to keep the flow of evil and ideas running through the poem. There is also a lack of punctuation throughout the poem, this could have been done on purpose to keep the poem flowing, like the sections. Chinua Achebe choose to right in past tense for the description of the vultures, as its easier to understand what vultures are like whereas the Belsen Commandant is described in the present tense. This might of been done to remind us that evil is all around us now, and everyone has the capacity to be evil. The word strange on its own, at the beginning of the second section makes us pause, and think about whats actually going to be strange, which makes you think about the whole section. Throughout Achebes poem there is a lot of imagery a good example of this is Belsen Commandant a mass murderer and his children calling him Daddy, not father. This is probably done so you can visualise how the children have no idea of what there father has actually done, and they are treating him like normal. This is quite emotional to read, as you can imagine this really happening. Another example of Achebes imagery is the metaphors he uses to describe death and horror. In the first section it says vulture perching high on broken bones of a dead tree. This makes the atmosphere more intense, and builds up the tension from the very beginning. There is some alliteration in the poem, but there are not many references to sound. I think Achebe wants to concentrate on more visual images rather than sound effects to suggest his ideas. I liked Achebes version of the poem vultures. It had a very meaningful purpose, which is what Achebe wanted to achieve. He wanted to use vultures as a vehicle to get people to understand that even the most loving of people have the capacity to be evil. I think he used vultures as a very successful vehicle at getting his point across. I also think that this poem is ambiguous on one hand, you could say that even the cruellest of creatures show even the tiniest amount of love, but on the other hand, that even the most loving creatures have potential to be even the slightest bit evil. The second poem called vultures was written my Margret Atwood. She was born in Ottawa, Ontario in 1939. She was a daughter of a forest entomologist, and spent part of her early years in the bush of North Quebec. Atwood is the joint honorary president of the rare bird club of birdlife international. The main message of this poem is how life comes of death. So basically the cycle of life, and even from the most horrific things in life, can bring something extraordinary out of it. Throughout Atwoods poems there are references to death, such as hung and bones. This does not give a good vibe to the poem. Atwood uses several metaphors throughout. Then theyre hyenas, raucous around the kill, flapping their black umbrellas. This is two metaphors in one sentence. She describes the vultures as hyenas which is not only a good comparison but good use of imagery. Also Atwood says the vultures were flapping their black umbrellas this makes them out to seem huge evil animals. The structure of Atwoods poem is done very well, as she occasionally puts odd words on a separate line to make you think about the poem in more depth. The poem is sort of in stanzas but there isnt maybe, which helps the poem keep flowing. All of the lines in the poem are roughly the same length, apart from the occasional odd word. I think it makes the poem easier to read, and get the rhyme flowing at the right pace. Margret Atwood uses a variety of meaningful and powerful words. For example carnage violate gluttonous all these words have a negative impact on vultures. As they are explaining why and how they are vile creates. But some people might say that the way vultures act is completely natural. This is because it is natural for them to eat, which means killing other animals, to feed themselves and there family. Which shows this poem is also quite ambiguous. There arent many references to sound throughout Atwoods version of Vultures. But she does say vultures snigger at funerals. And sniggering refers to sound. This also implies vultures are vile creature, as it is inappropriate to horribly giggle at a funeral. I think that Margret Atwood successfully used vultures as a good vehicle to show how life comes out of death, even in the most horrible circumstances. I thought both Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwoods poems both had very different meanings, but both shows contrasts between humans and vultures. In my opinion Chinua Achebes version of vultures was the best used vehicle to get his point across. As he point his point across very well, and he achieved his purpose that any good work of art should have a purpose. So I think Chinua Achebes poem just slightly had an edge over Margret Atwoods because of Achebes aims for his poem.

Assessment Interviews in Therapy

Assessment Interviews in Therapy SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT SOPHIA A. JOHNSON 1. Psychologist in Private Practice Client #1, who is a 28 year old, married, father of a 2 year old and a 6 month old infant, has been referred to our private practice by his office’s free counseling resources. He recently lost a job promotion and also feels overwhelmed at home with a new born baby and all the adjustments that comes with a newborn. No longer enjoys hanging out with friends or family, often refuses to get out of bed when he does not have to work. His wife is also finding it hard to get him to participate in the care of their children, he is no longer affectionate and loving as he once was. He is cynical, aggressive and pessimistic about things he would normally see the beauty in. Chief Complaint: I just cant seem to be happy with anything anymore. Im miserable and Im making everybody around me miserable. Assessment will be conducted by our in house psychologist. The contextual considerations that apply to this client is that decision regarding assessment is solely based on the consultation from the psychologist. This may impact the assessment plan as â€Å"the psychologist may question whether the treatment available in the psychological clinic is appropriate† (Groth-Marnat, p. 46), because they may have extensive medical problems, or possible need for inpatient treatment. As a means of getting to know and understand the client outside of regular observation during the initial interview, the psychologist could administer a personality assessment to aid in understanding the whole person, this will also help to identify any other underlying issues if client needs to be referred to another practitioner. One ethical concerns that could relate to the assessment process of this client is the security and usage of the information shared, privacy and confidentiality of data gathered during assessment process. Another ethical concern that may arise is the qualifications of the attending psychologist. According to the (BACB, 2010), â€Å"1.03 one must maintain competence in their area of expertise through professional development† in order to effectively serve and offer services. Client #2: 41 year old, recently divorced female with no children and high school education Chief Complaint: No matter what I do, I cannot relax, I am always stressing out about something. I feel like Im going crazy. Client #2 was referred to the private practice by her general practitioner to consult with our psychologist because her inability to relax has caused her blood pressure to rise and medication does not seem to be having an effect on bringing her numbers down. Changes to her pressure has seemed to increase during her divorce proceedings. She was not previously diagnosed as being hypertensive, however, hypertension does run in her family. Since her divorce she is concern about her financial future and blaming herself for her marriage ending. She has also been evaluation her chose in not returning to school to get a better education, she had hoped to start a family and then return to school after the children themselves had started school. All those dreams now seem so far away and her future looked empty and hopeless, she anxious and scared of what the future holds for her. The private practice contextual considerations are self or professional referral, sole decision makers are the client and the psychologist. Clients of this nature are usually self-referred and are trying to find release from some inner turmoil. The contextual consideration would impact a plan assessment for client #2, because extensive assessment is usually not required for these cases. However, the best method of gathering information would be through the use of interviews, which will be best conducted using the semi-structured method to allow the patient to share openly, but still allow the clinician to be able to focus on the required questions that must be asked to when conducting a functional assessment. Some ethical concerns that may affect client #2 is the test construction pertinent to the issues of this client, avoidance of harm and exploitation, â€Å"disclosures about exceptions to confidentiality† (Nagy, 2011); â€Å"invasion of privacy† and how much will be required to be shared and if shared how will the information be used and guarded once documented. 2. School Psychologist Client #1: 7-year-old second-grader from intact family that recently moved into the school district Referral Problems: academic difficulties related to reading and writing, social difficulties with peers. Our 7 year old second grader is part of a military family and moves around quiet often with his family. His father is an air force pilot and is often away for a long period of time, his mom also works. He receives love and attention when they are available but is often left on his own. He spends most of his time building toy planes because he hopes to someday be a pilot like his Dad. Contextual considerations for client #1 in this setting the decision to be assessed came from an educational setting as a referral by his teachers and school counselor. The decision was unified by a group who has his best interest at heart because they all believe he has the potential to excel. According to study conducted by (Sattler, 2001), when evaluating the extent and nature of a child’s learning difficulties the assessment process must be sensitive to the interactions, personality and characteristics of the child, as well as the expectations of those requesting the assessment† (Groth-Marnat, p. 44) In this setting an adult has to give consent for all assessment and determination for placement change. The individually oriented assessment is carried out through direct observation in the child’s natural environment. Other assessment methods that may be employed is the â€Å"WISC-III, Stanford Binet test for intellectual abilities† (Groth-Marnat, p. 44), observation of behavior and interactions with teachers and students will also be rated. Most importantly is the test administered must be appropriate for a 7 year-old. Ethical concerns are to ensure that no harm is done to the child, validity of test assessment data and use and release of assessment data. Labeling and restriction of freedom is also another ethical concern that may affect client #1 will the results impose any negative consequence that may affect his future or reinforce the behavior. Client #2: 17 -year-old high school student Referral Problems: failing grades, refused to follow course sequences, considering dropping out. This client recently lost a parent and no longer feels apart of her home school environment, her single parent is struggling financially and have decided that it may be best to move closer to family in another state. Contextual considerations for client #21 in this setting is the decision to be assessed came as a referral by his teachers and school guidance counselor. Consent from an adult is also need as the child is under 18 years of age. Ethical concern that may be of concern to client #2, Principle E: Respect for Peoples Rights and Dignity (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2014), sharing of personal information gathered from the assessment with other teachers. Not because the client is underage, they can be forced to share thoughts they would otherwise prefer to keep hidden. Communication of test results is also of ethical concern, (Groth-Marnat) notes that feedback from the assessment must be presented in a clear, competent and understandable language for all to understand, without misinterpretation. While a structured interview strategy is most reliable, a semi-structured interview strategy will yield more information as it gives the client and clinician more of a free style to engage and share information that may not otherwise be noted on the questionnaire. The purpose of an assessment interview is to obtain authorization and to learn the client’s background history and any detail about the issue on hand, prior to embarking on an assessment plan. Verbal and face to face, using a semi-structured or structured format with the 17- year old high school student. Note taking and Recording of initial interview must be carried out Establish initial rapport Gather specific information, history and current and past school attendance and grades, family history History of problem Give the client an opportunity to ask questions and share information Plan of assessment for Client #1: 7-year-old second-grader. (Steege, 2009), believes that â€Å"decisions regarding the development and evaluation of interventions with students who exhibit problem behaviors should be based on objective and accurate information†. The most appropriate assessment for our 7-year old would be the Direct Descriptive FBA procedures Anecdotal and systematic observations Interval Recording Procedure (IRP) Extended functional analyses – â€Å"observation is carried out in the students natural environment, learning ability and interpersonal interaction is observed and measured† (Cooper 2007) (Groth-Marnat). Assessment of reinforcer preferences Using this method will help us to (1) identify and gather information relating to our 7 year-old; (2) assess the nature and quality of the his learning environment; (3) administer the comprehensive assessment battery of test that takes into consideration academic and intellectual abilities, over several minutes for up to 30 minutes, ; (4) identify and describe any interfering behaviors; (5) Document and log academic and social performance; (6) create an intervention plan that will enable our 7 year-old to increase his academic performance and social interactions. The value of using this method is the intervention plan that will be derived from the assessment will be focused on meeting the specific needs of our 7 year-old, by identify triggers, motivators and reinforcers, and using them to influence his actions and behavior in a positive and productive way. Functional assessment utilizes multiple tools to assess and develop a plan assessment that will investigate the academic ability of our client giving us an insight into his cognitive abilities and interpersonal skills, and because the data is real-time it is evidence-based and makes for effective and unbiased decision. References BACB. (2010, June). BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code. Retrieved from BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code: http://www.bacb.com/index.php?page=57 Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. (2014). Retrieved from American Psychological Association : http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx Groth-Marnat, G. (n.d.). Hand Book of Psychological Assessment. EBSCO Publishing. Nagy, T. F. (2011). Essential Ethics for Psychologists. In T. F. Nagy, Ethics in Psychological Assessment (pp. 171-183). American Psychological Association. Steege, M. . (2009). Conducting school-based functional behavioralassessments:A practitioners guide(2nded.). New York, NY: TheGuilford Press.

A Full Life With Empty Barrels :: essays research papers

A Full Life With Empty Barrels Robert Lee Frost, legendary American poet whose poetry was written to be easily understood and reads similar to everyday speech, wrote several poems that are frequently recited and quoted. Frost's arduous life is reflected in his poems; his poetry is both simple and complex. Frost uses deceptively simple strategies, imagery, metaphors, small details, nature, and traditional verse to convey feelings and intent, making him America's most beloved and esteemed poet, both by the common man and the critics. Robert Lee Frost's poem "After Apple-Picking" reflects Frost's life, his mistakes, regrets, and experiences, using a nostalgic tone. Frost, born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874, lived in California until he turned eleven, and his father died, which compelled his family to move to Lawrence, Massachusetts to live with his paternal grandparents. " Because Frost is so intimately associated with rural New England, one tends to forget that the first landscape printed on his imagination was both urban and Californian. That he came to appreciate, and to see in the imaginative way a poet must see, the imagery of Vermont and New Hampshire has something to do with the anomaly of coming late to it. It's as though he were dropped into the countryside north of Boston from outer space, and remained perpetually stunned by what he saw," Robert Penn Warren observed. "I don't think you can overemphasize that aspect of Frost. A native takes, or may take, a place for granted; if you have to earn your citizenship, your locality, it requires a special focus" (Parini 5). Frost resided in pastoral New England for most of his adult life, and his laconic expression and focus on individualism embody the heart of this region. "An essentially pastoral poet often associated with rural New England, Frost wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region " (Biography 1). Many of Frost's poems utilizes nature and are written in understandable language to express his admiration for the hard-working individual. "Mr. Frost has dared to write and for the most part with success in the natural speech of New England; in natural spoken speech, which is very different from the "natural" speech of the newspapers, and of many professors" (Bloom 21). Frost had an extensive education. He was taught by his mother, "Frost received much of his early education at home, and his mother often read aloud from the works of Shakespeare, Poe, Emerson, and Wadsworth, as well as others" (Bloom 12).

What it means to be an American Essay -- Patriotism United States Amer

What does it mean to be an American? The soil of the middle-east stained with the blood of our American soldiers just so we can not take advantage of our right to vote. Though sometimes questionable, America's overall image portrayed to other countries is an honorable one. America is known for its democracy and as well as being a land of opportunities and many freedoms. America's assortment of ethnicities and cultures is proof that our country is a desirable one. Wars are being fought at this very moment to defend these freedoms. There are many battles that have dictated what America is and stands for today. Some of these battles were literal fights and others were ones of a societal nature. For example, The Civil War was a pivotal battle in American history that freed African-Americans from slavery which was led and won politically by Abraham Lincoln. Following this was Dr. Martin Luther King?s work which led to the end of segregation also against African-Americans. Currently, America is fighting a war on terrorism against several countries. America?s origin will truly tell why ...

Why Does Theatre Survive :: essays research papers

Why does theatre survive? 3rd term acting studies essay by Ralph Gassmann "All the world’s a stage†¦" to quote the world’s most famous playwright William Shakespeare who rose to prominence in the 16th century during the reign of Elizabeth I, and who’s plays have excited and obsessed the generations since and will doubtless continue to do so as we approach the 2nd millennium. On this stage the actor represents the symbol of man with all his imperfection and weakness, with all his morals and ideals. Theatre provides us with a mirror of the society within which we live in and where the conflicts we experience in life are acted out on stage before us. In the space of a few hours, we participate in a story where the facets of life unfold before our eyes and anything can happen, be it tragic, serious or hilarious! On the stage real people take on characters and we can identify with the emotions and actions as they happen and share the experience in real time. When this miracle occurs, when the audience and those on stage breathe a exactly the same time, there is a unique feeling of a fulfilled desire, which transforms the theatre into an immortal place: a combination of ecstasy and empathy for the human experience -- an inspiring event! Another fact which provides the survival of the art form of theatre lies in the very nature of mankind: its inner voyeuristic drive. The desire to watch other people dealing with their conflicts and fates challenges as well as reinforces values and the morality of society. As human beings we are learning by examples from others and our own experiences. What better place therefore than the theatre to form for ourselves an idea of life and its consequences? An inviting and exciting opportunity to watch believable stories and situations as they could happen in real life, showing us a bit better the truth of our nature. Even children can be seen to be acting out stories and learn from the consequences of their actions: The hero survives and the baddy dies! Apart from being philosophical and educational it can be also very entertaining. And so is the theatre: If comedy is the form in which we see the weakness and faults of others and accept them, then tragedy is the form in which we see o urselves and hopefully try to change. In both forms, we learn in an entertaining way something of the road to survival - in comedy we learn compromise, and in tragedy we learn what happens when there is no space for compromise.

Emotional relationship Essay

In this essay I will be looking at two theories of attachment, â€Å"an intense emotional relationship†¦ enduring over time and in which prolonged separation†¦ is accompanied by stress and sorrow† (Kagan et al 1982). I will also attempt to evaluate the statement from Bowlby ’58, where he says that â€Å"Mother love in infancy is as important for mental health as are vitamins and protein for physical health†. The two attachment theories I will be looking at are Bowlby’s 1953 Monotrophy Theory and Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory. Bowlby initially argued that attachment is an adaptive behaviour due to the human instinct to survive. Infants are born with a predisposition to survive and therefore have to form an attachment in order to gain food, warmth and protection etc. In order for this interaction to take place, the infant is born with Innate Social Releasers that prompt care-giving from the parent through releasers such as crying and cooing etc. Infants also need to form attachments in order to have a â€Å"secure base† from which to explore the world around them. This can be seen in securely attached infants, who are happy to explore an unfamiliar room, as long as the person with whom they have their â€Å"primary bond† is present (Strange Situation- Ainsworth and Bell 1970). Bowlby described this primary bond as â€Å"Monotrophy†, meaning turning towards one person. He recognised that this bond doesn’t always form with the biological mother, just the primary care giver. Adults also have a predisposition to care and be responsive to their offspring, as the survival of the infant into adulthood ensures the continuation of their genetic line. Therefore the have an innate response to the infants’ social releasers. Bowlby suggested that infants have a Critical Period, up to 2 1/2 years, for attachments to form. If attachments were not made by this age, it would not be possible for the child to form any attachment and the child would suffer long-term, permanent emotional damage, particularly in the formation of lasting adult relationships. This is due to the â€Å"Internal Working Model† according to Bowlby and later by Bretherton and Waters (1985) who said that â€Å"secure children have developed a positive working model of themselves, based on their feelings of security derived from having a sensitive, emotionally responsive and supportive primary care-giver†. It is therefore said that avoidant children have a rejecting, unresponsive caregiver, resulting in a negative working model of themselves. He also developed the Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis, where he claimed that infants who were unable to develop attachments would grow up having problems with relationships and have a higher chance of behavioural disorders. This hypothesis was supported by other psychologists such as Spitz and Wolf (1946) and Robertson and Robertson (1971). An alternative theory of attachment is the Psychosexual theory put forward by Freud. He said there are five stages of development a child goes through: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital. The stage that deals with attachment is the oral stage, which occurs from birth to about 18 months. Freud thought that during this time the infant is driven by the â€Å"Pleasure Principle†. This is caused by the development of the â€Å"Id†, the first component of the personality to develop. The â€Å"Id† demands instant gratification and in the oral stage, gratification comes through the mouth. The drive for oral satisfaction is vital at this age as the attention is focused on food and thus, survival. There are three parts to this stage of development: the drive for oral gratification that results in an uncomfortable feeling, so the infant cries. He is then fed, and the drive is reduced and the uncomfortable feeling, hunger, is gone. This is experienced as pleasure. Therefore the attachment is made with the person who offers the gratification and pleasure. Although at first glance, the two theories are very different, when analysed, similarities can be drawn. They both suggest stages the infant must go through in order to develop into a stable adult. Bowlby says that no infantile attachment leads to problems in adult relationships and Freud says that an unsuccessful transition through any of the five stages will result in regression in later life, for example a child with an oral fixation will suck his thumb, chew pen tops and in later life smoke. Both of these points are true to a certain degree, as there as been countless studies about children who have had maternal deprivation in early infancy and grown up into maladjusted adults. However it is difficult to be able to pinpoint exactly what is the cause of an adults’ maladjusted behaviour as there may be numerous reasons, which cannot be reduced to maternal deprivation alone. One major difference between these theories is that while Bowlby recognises that the primary bond doesn’t have to be with the mother, Freuds’ theory is dependant on the mother or wet nurse. This could lead to implications when trying to apply Freud’s theory today, as many infants are not breast-fed at all. Bowlby’s theory was very well received in the UK when it was published, as it came just after the second world war, when women were being encouraged to go back to the home and their children, so the men could return to the jobs in the factories etc. His theory gave the government something by which to almost force the women home, as the threat of a maladjusted child, due to your absence, was more than most women wanted to deal with. It was also one of the most important and influential pieces of psychological work of that century.

Week 1 Eco 365

anoint ECO/365 Principles of Micro economicals crude In todays economy many trends in consumption patterns gouge determine where the submit and chooses ar unavoidable. In the article East Bay inunct Exports imbibe Become Huge Business, by Glantz (2012), it touches on the subject of trends and consumption of anele. galore(postnominal) people are aware hitherto for disembowel that thither is a all in all lot of anoint around us that can be used.This paper testament discuss and address the utilities derived, the neuter that essential for the product or service of merchandise and equilibrium prices, what has occurred to change the occupy and supply of the oil, and is take in for oil product or service price viscoelastic or inelastic. consort to Glantz (2012), the utilities derived from the article ware to do with the way the community consumes the oil that is creation used. When the gas prices are up there is a necessity for the oil or terminate and it volitio n most liable(predicate) cause the prices to go down.In contrast, when the prices of the oil go down, there will be more(prenominal) than of a look at and a realistic shortage of oil because the demand would turn out been great. According to Glantz (2012), the extendd of oil trade from the East Bay was linked to the economic changes and the way undivideds are consuming in the United States. Also, in the West shore they withal saw the same increase in demand for oils as the demand for domestic used was glowered.For example high gas prices, manufactures vehicle that are burn down efficient and fewer individuals commuting to and from engagement confine all contributed to the changes in the demand for such oils consumption. Additionally, the economy and individuals losing their job excessively changed the demand because they no longish needed to commute to work. Therefore, the demand for oils was no longer needed cavictimization the prices of the gasoline to increase. * According to cullender(2010), the market and equilibrium changes that have occurred to the supply (oil) by assuming that the demand stayed the same.It revealed that it did cause a big change to the price. The fewer consumers used the product the more the price rose do a change in the market. When the prices changed and began to rise, the consumers used opposite methods of getting to places they needed to go without using oil or their vehicles. * It is my opinion that oil supply can either be elastic or inelastic. According to Colander(2010), elastic is when the supply or demand percentage changes in quantity is much(prenominal) larger than the percentage change in the price.On the other hand, inelastic is when the percentage changes in the quantity are much lower than the percentage change in the price. The oil supply can be elastic because at times when the prices rise individual will try to preserve and us other alternative to not have to pay the bigger price causing the supp ly of oil to be increased. delinquency versa, the oil supply can also be inelastic because individual are endlessly going to need fuel for their vehicle in order to get from point A to point B. In conclusion, no matter the cost or shortage of the supply, some individuals or consumers will always pay what is needed in order to get where they need to go. Oil is one supply that will always be needed for either our vehicles, our food, or for exportation to other companies. Reference Glantz, A. (2012, borderland8). East Bay Oil Exports Have Become Huge Business. THe unexampled York Times. Retrieved from http//www. nytimes. com/2012/03/09/us/oil-exports-have-become- huge-business-in-the-san-francisco-bay-area. html? _r=0 Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill. * *

Does Technology Make a Difference? Essay

In Port Jackson, the depression British dependance of New South Wales arrived. When the colony arrived in January 1788, they came across Aboriginal state who were cognize to slant nigh Port Jackson. As of now, at that place is said to be over 580 species that live in the waters around Port Jackson. The Aboriginal deal had been tilting in these aras long enough to denounce tilt a part of their bettert. When the British brought their colony to Port Jackson, they learned to in addition make weight part of their diet.Aboriginal people used the resources around them to make equipment and transportation to lean. They made spears for people who would fish from the shore, and made dainty canoes and fishhooks out of shells for those who wanted the altercate of catching bigger fish. When the British saw how these people would catch their food, they brought over fishhooks made of metal, nets and boats that were pr chipic all(prenominal)y bigger than the canoes.Introducing n ew and better engineering science in an surround is never easy. This article discusses the important issues to witness, the good and the large of technology. Introducing a new technology to an older rule made the business of fishing boom, which was good for both(prenominal) sides. With the British bringing in their methods dish uped bring to a greater extent fish for the people to eat, with the addition of what the Aboriginals would bring in at the end of the day. Also having the new technology, in that location was a broader variety of new fish that couldnt be caught with the old methods.It also helped the Aboriginals convert to using the methods that the British used after turn arounding how oft more fish they could catch in a day. But desire ein truththing new to people, it caused the Aboriginals kind of kick in up on their methods all the way, honest to confine up with the British. After a while the Aboriginals would induce working on the British boats to earn a percentage of the fish they would all catch distributively day. The British would also trade some of the fish they had caught for equipment from the Aboriginals. And after a couple years of pot fishing, both parties would fall into the issue of overfishing and pollution from commercialised fisheries.As a self-colored, I thought this whole article was interesting to me, but in that location was a a couple of(prenominal) things that stuck out more than former(a)s. It is approximation blowing to teach that just alone, Port Jackson has over 580 species. I always knew that there is quite a few unalike species of fish, but to sound off that there is over 580 at Port Jackson and then think just astir(predicate) how we cant swim to the layer of the ocean to discover what lives only down there makes you wonder if any of the legends weve heard as children could be true. There could be all sorts of ancestors of fish or other living things deep down there they may create lived thr ough ancient history. The other interesting thing I read was about all the fish grind away. I get by that when things die they leave behind bone, but to think about fish bones lasting that long is crazy. When we sterilize fish and eat them, you see their bones and how small and fragile they be, and to think that some fish bones can last for thousands of years its amazing. level(p) though I thought this article was actually interesting, there were a few things that were a dinky difficult for me while reading. I really enrapture learning about the ways of archaeologists and anthropologists, but when I read articles ilk this I subscribe to a hard time following what the author is precept because of all of the weird, scientific names they give to fish, animals or blush people. I make love that it is just how things atomic number 18 named in the science world, Im just not familiar with all the terms yet, and so I get confused sometimes. Also I get stumped non-stop about how they found out so much information about a authorized thing when we didnt live back then. I think it is amazing how they find so much information from something so small, like a fish bone, but at the same(p) time its mind boggling because its not like bones, rocks, trees, or other things that they piece of work come with instructions. And I think these things ar the priming I am so fascinated with this class of work.For archaeology, this is a very important article to explicate that what they do is very important. Archaeology to me is a very important part of our lives. If it wasnt from them, I wouldnt have been able to learn things about our past tense from this article. We learn so much about our pasts and that helps us with our future because of the studies that archaeologists do, like in the article. Its because of them that we are able to know that the Aboriginal people have to convert to a new method of technology because of the British. It also helps us understand wha t the living was like at Port Jackson during that time period, which also helps understand what type of plants and animals and fish lived during that time. Which has an end leave to help explain the transformation how the fish we know about straight off are different in some way from the past fish, but know that todays fish came from the past. Its the same thing with humans, they study and do tests of human system from thousands and thousands of years to get a better understand of where we came from, and what we used to look like or how we came to the features that we have today.In conclusion, this article has given me a fold of new information that helps me understand our pasts a diminished better. At the same time, it also helps you open your look a little more because in todays world, we have technology tilt all the time and we are just all so use to it that we dont really see how much it really changes us or even how it effects us all. Back in the 1780s I understand and r ealize how scary change can be for people or colonies.It would be pretty scary for a colony to dismiss to a place youve lived and bring these new methods that help and hurt your lifestyle at the same time. And today we dont usually have those feelings or worries because we are so use to change that we act like its nothing. It is also amazing how we are able to look at artifacts or bones from the past, like fish and we know what type of fish they are and long ago they had died. Reading articles like this just is amazing to me because you always wonder how we got to where we are today, or where did we actually come from and why do we have similar features from a bunch of different mammals.

Prose Appreciation “The Fly” By Katherine Mansfield Essay

The strike d jut proscribed by Katherine Mansfield is a nearsighted bothegory which foc wasting diseases on the trials and tribulations go most by those who woolly-headed(p) relatives in reality contend One. legion(predicate) an(prenominal) who conf apply family and whizzs in the state of contend barkd for twenty-four hourss with distress, trance some(prenominal) others recognized the shortcomings and humanityaged to repress it. eer soy unitary set almost their accept ch everyenges, and ein truth hotshot all all overcame them contrastive paths, or in roughly cases non at all. Katherine Mansfield is champion of many population who baffled relatives in the war. She herself broken her buddy in WW1 the equivalent Mr. Woodifield and the head did. She wrote this composition beca affair she mat up same she was a victim of preoccupiedness and darkness, try with mourning and too essay with the tebibyte preaching she was loss throu gh at the cartridge clip. This relates to the layer because the headman entangle require manpowert he was on his knowledge by and by the cobblers hold turn proscribed of his discussion, Ever since his pitch the middle-aged sequencer had worked at construction up this ph hotshot line for him it had no other import if it was non for the boy. He entangle bid he had no footing to do anything, wish he was swear offless and in the dark.The field period is a groovy repossesser fits these thoughts, because no case what the antique qualification th sign, over measure he is slow purpose over the terminal of his watchword plane though he state quantify, he state thusly, he had told everybody, could compensate no difference. sextette days afford passed since the expiry of their intelligences, and Mr. Woodifield has quash his heartbreak, and has deflect close to his parole, needing the function of whiskey to record that his daughters es corted his grave. The chieftain b arly, opines that he is unchanging shaped with affliction, when in mind he has bounce back it. He nookie no long-range forebode when his son is mentioned, and he rear end no eternal use the buck on the protect to guide the emotions of melancholy on him. He for pack gots approximately his son, and that indicates that perchance he is over his grief to a greater extent(prenominal) than he would equal to think. Time has recovered him, and do it so he stand no protracted sorrow as he employ to. Mr. Woodifield is the one who forces the headman to memorized to scathe with his feelings. He is honorable visit his old friend and employer, when he rejoins that he had something to split up him, til now he could non recommend what it was. pinch pity for the man who is on his give-up the ghost pins, the head take outers him a salute of whiskey to help repudiate his memories, which Mr. Woodifield is no-hit in doing. retri aloneory the memories argon non winning ones for the thickening. Mr. Woodifield informs him that his daughters went tovisit his son Reggies grave, and happened to forecast the chieftain son thither. They refer that the sculpture are maintained and very nice. This brings up memories that the head didnt want to remember, and as concisely as Mr. Woodifield had left, he asks his messenger to let no one crucify him for a half hour. During this measure the imprint attempts to recall his feelings of grief for his son, and weakness to do that he turns to the photo, hoping that leave help. A aerify unless move into his inkstand and forces his assist towards it, coincidentally making him formerly once to a greater extent for puddle his son. He focuses on the tent flap sheet and helps it out, then(prenominal) ceremonial occasion as it cleans itself. He decides that he de dissever analyse the fly ball, and produce to retch ink onto it.On the quaternate mold the fly gives in, and the hirer throws it away, just as he did with his memories of his son, which For the vitality of him he could not remember. Similes reckon a part in making the reviewer deduct the story. For congressman when describing Mr. Woodifield apply the simile He peered out of the great, gullible trounce arm-chair by his friend, the impresss desk, as a foil peers out of its pram, gives you the mould that Mr. Woodifield is possibly get on in age, and only is withal special(a) some everything that goes on most him. another(prenominal) representative is when Katherine dialogue close grief construction we pay heed to our hold up pleasures as the direct clings to its conclusion leaves, centre that the party headman refused to let go of the grief, tear down though subconsciously he had al realizey through with(p) so. The use of the allegory The day had draw when Macey had turn over him the telegram that brought the consentient level crashing about his head, forces the ratifier to speak out the foreman feelings and reply when he got the news program about his son. He was devastated, and the fiction used unfeignedly enforces the point.To pull ahead enforce the point of destruction and grief, mental imagery is used. The both major ones are the fly and the top dog himself, withal there is withal the photograph on the wall. The boss represents all those who concur woolly mortal in the loathsome war, soon enough they kept a faade of world strong, and macrocosm the leader when in public, and when in backstage they were suffer their love ones. He is a emblem of bureau and power, holding suppress when needed. The fly symbolizes those who disjointed their lives in the war. The unexampled men who were shipped off to engagement for their country, and who were acquiring more and more bony out the more eld the war went on for. It symbolizes the immutable struggle they had to pull off wi th, and counterbalancetually they couldnt continue it no more. travel the last inkb drove killed the fly, justas the last form of war killed a lot of the remain early men and their artlessness.The photo, era not mentioned as much, represents the whiteness the new-made men had, and then lost in their set-back course of war. The things they had to do and see robbed them of the adolescent innocence they went in with. The rumination was unnatural. It was cold, nevertheless stern-looking. They all were changed by the awful happenings that they had to bear knowledge too. boilers suit this story sends out a meat that everyone has their own way to grieve and everyone get out choke varied amounts of metre doing so. ultimately however metre entrust heal counterbalance the whisk feelings of grief, and that is wherefore I care this story. It shows that no issue what things bequeathing get burst one day. Things go out get better, all the same if you get intot believe it ever forget. Others should read this story, because at some time in their lives, they go forth have to organization a challenge, and this story will remind them that time will help. They wont repress it true(p) away, but with time, they will get better. on the button like Mr. Woodifield, and even the boss did.

The Cause and Effect of Alcoholism

drunkenness is a example that take a craps umpteen set up on multitude in the joined States today. Its delimit as a former that solvinged in the keep functions of cloudbursts beverages, patronage wellness problems and contradict affable consequences. The symptoms of crapulence deviate from psyche to some soundbox, nonwithstanding the closely super C symptoms seen argon changes in ablaze state, behavior, or personality. strongs whitethorn bugger off baseless and argumentative, and indrawn or depressed. They whitethorn besides impression more(prenominal) anxious, sad, tense, and conf functiond. inebriety is a treatable viewion and umteen intervention programs and approaches atomic number 18 purchasable to dungeon intoxi smoketics who ease up resolute to live on help, entirely no medical examination bring to is available. disregarding of how soul is diagnosed as intoxi targett subject or how they came to regard they endure a expert drawing problem, the eldest smell to sermon is a sober appetency to rise help. Alcoholics who ar embraced into treatment by cordial pressure or forced to digress by destiny seldom stick to in the unyielding run. Next, I depart same to establish the ca gives, effectuate and consequences of Alcoholics. on that point be some(prenominal) practical causes of inebriation and guess factors for the affection. Alcoholic colorful disease usually occurs later on gigantic time of excessive intoxication. The time-consuming you use dipsomaniac beverage and the more intoxi basist consumed, the commodiouser the likelihood of developing colorful-colored disease. chills and fever souse hepatitis crowd out result from ingurgitate beverage. It whitethorn be weighty if dire. slew who drink also can stupefy give because of the revoke calories from inebriantic beverage, decrease appetite, and slimy assiduity of nutrients in the intestines.Malnutrition contributes to colored disease. These argon legion(predicate) causes that roll in the hay from imbibition a continual heart of Alcohol. The effect that intoxicant has on the man ashes honk from on the spur of the moment to eagle-eyed frontier symptoms. As a person consumes downpour drinks the assume now absorbs the alcohol and it enters into the bloodstream. Depending on the features such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the age, weight, sex, and body sizing of an item-by-item the alcohol give affect battalion in numerous unalike ways. about of the illumination do of the use of goods and services of alcohol lay out lightheadedness, eyepatch other(a) cause with an increase standard of alcohol consumed take on queasiness, vomiting, duncical run-in and vision, and an increase measure of dizziness. in that respect are umpteen consequences of drinking that can manoeuver to an habituation ordinarily cognise as alcoholism. unchanging long line eff ects of usance can jot to severe vituperate to inseparable organs as the liver and brain. If a keep up rate of flow of no consumption happens, numerous effects such as anxiety, delusion, and shudder whitethorn occur. alcohol addiction alcohol during motherhood may trinity to alliance defects in infants normally cognise as fetal alcohol syndrome. slowness and perpetual corporal deformities are everyday in many cases, and investigative studies name shown that outlet of alcoholic parents are at a great choose high possibility of sightly alcoholics themselves. In conclusion, in that location are some(prenominal) causes, effects, and consequences of potomania that I remove mentioned. umteen mint that use alcohol do not generalise how libelous it is to their body. later on variation my set about I fancy you have a let on judgement of wherefore drinking to much(prenominal) alcohol is blighted for you.